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(FFIGF CF STEA'PEGIC SEaVICS3 
Regearch and Analysis Branch 


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- 

KA2I PLAJliS FOE DOMINATING GERMANS' AND EQROPE 


The Attitude of the NSDAP toward Political Terror 


1 

Draft, for Us© of the War Crimes Staff 


Washington 
9 July 1945 


Copiy NOo 


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The following report i« In the form of a first draft and 
should not be regarded as a finislied product in any sense. Because 
of the urgency of presenting the factual material idiich the report 
contains, it ims decided to have it reproduced without the extensive 
CKliting and revision which a paper in this fora would normally be 
given. It is hoped that the concrete illustrations and the lines 
of evidence suggested will overbalance its many defects. 


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The Attitude of the KSDAP Tcwrard PollticeO. Terror 


Table of Contents 


lo Introduction 1 

IIo Terror in 1919°1923 2 


Ao 

Berlin 1919 

2 

B. 

BSunich 1919«1922 

6 

Co 

The Battle of Cobitc^ 

10 

Do 

Kapp Putsch and Consul Organization 

11 

Ea 

The Assassins of Hathenau 

15 

Fo 

The Rossbach Corps 

18 

Go 

The Fosne Murders and the Kuestrin Putsch 

22 

Ho 

The Hitler Putsch of 1923 

26 

IIIo Terror in 1930»1934 

29 

Ao 

«Let the Heads Rollf* 

29 

Bo 

Terrorists and Policemen 

37 

Co 

Hitler®s Comrades 

40 

Do 

The ’Hieroes of the Nation” 

47 

Eo 

The Unhanged 

55 

Fo 

Austrian Terrorists end Members of the Reichstag 

59 

Go 

The Rise of the Terrorists 
% 

62 

Appendix 


64 

References 

72 


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1 . INTTiOPUCTION 

At hi.tndes Kasis toward their own political terrorism have 

varied from outright denial or expressions of misgiving to flat admission 
and glorification of the crimes and those who perpetrated themo In the 
following case-histories of leal crimes against the opposition^ It will 
be shown, insofar as possible, what happened not merely to the victims 
but to the assassinsp 


- 1 * 


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II o TERROR IN 1919 ^ 1923 

Ao Berlin 1919 

lo Frans ¥on Stephan! o In January 1919 revolutionaries occupied the 

printing house of Vor^erts . Under the leadership of Major Von Stephanie 

the Freecorps Potsdam surrounded the building. When on 11 January 1919 

the besieged men sent out seven delegates with a white flag to negotiate 

1 

a surrender, they were killed by order of Major Stephan!» 

The father of one of the murdered jnen brought an indictment, and 

Stephani was arraigned before a court irjartial of the guard cavalry 

divisioHo The trial, which was repeatedly shifted from one jurisdiction 

to another (some military, some civilian) lasted until March 1922; the 

charges against Stephani were then dismissed by the Berlin Landesgericht 

II, on the ground that an "irregular mob of soldiers," over whom 

2 

Stephani had lost all control, had killed the truce delegates. 

Stephani later participated in the Kapp Putsch, and became a 
mamber of the Stahlhelm command in 1924® On 12 November 1933, Stephani 

3 

was nominated a member of the Nasi Reichstag ( Reichstagshandbuch . 1936)« 
2o Relchsanwalt Jonas . On 15 January 1919 Xarl Liebknecht and Rosa 
Luxemburg were arrested without a warrant at Wilmersdorf and brought to 
the Hotel Eden, then the headquarters of a guard cavalry rifle division 
( Grade-Kavallerie Schuetzen Division ) o On the following day they were 
led out of the hotel and knocked down by a soldier named Runge, on the 


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orders of his superior, Captain Petri® They were then taken away in 

4 

separate cars and killed by officer conimandoso 

This double uiurder excited the public so much that the Division 

had to start proceedings against the culpritso Lt® Captain Canaris, one 

of the judges, visited, the accused after they had been taken into custody, 

in order to coordinate their storieso The investigation was conducted by 

Jorns, at that time counselor of the military court ( Kriegsgerichtsrat )o 

Although Joms had beesa warned that one of the assassins planned to 

escape by using falsified identification papers, he did nothing to prevent 

5 

ito Furthermore-® to quote the sentence of the Courii-®Jorns 

a® ”failed to investigate clues which might have helped to clear 
up the crime; 

bo ^Neglected even clues ^ich he had recognized as important; 

Co ”atteinpted to destroy evidence by reporting the opposite of the 
true result of the investigation® 

do "consciously tolerated circumstances ";hich were apt to conceal 
the true facts and to endanger the whole investigation. 

On the basis of such an investigation the assassins of Xarl Lieb= 
knecht and Hosa Luxemburg had little to fearo On 14 May 1919 very mild 
sentences were imposed on them. 

As for Joms, he became in 1920 an assistant ( Hi3fsarbeiter ) to 
the highest German court ( Reichsgericht ) and was entrusted with invest!- 

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gations aga5.nst German war criminals of the First World War^ And in 1923 
Jorns was named Reich attorney ( Reich3anwa3.t )^ and put in charge of 
investigations against German leftist journalists who had attempted to 
discover and publish details concerning the secret rearmament of Germanyc 
In March 192J?, the journalist Berthold Jacob attacked Jorns in the 
weekly Tagebuch (28 March 1928), asserting that Jorns as an investigator 
had favored the assassins of Liebknecht and Luxemburg* The editors of 
the ’Tagebuch thereupon v/ere accused of defamationo Their trialj howeverj 
resulted in the moral defeat of Jorns, whom the attorney often by mistake 
called ”the accused,” and the editors were acquitted*. The court of 
revision later fined them, but went no further« 

Jorns remained at the Reichsgericht and in the summer of 1934 be« 
came attorney general for the new supreme Volksgericht of the Third 
Reich„ On 1 April 1937 Jorns retired on grounds of age and received his 
pension*, According to the New Yorker Staatsssitung, 2 April 1937, State 
Secretary for Justice Freisler paid tribute to Jorns*' services and gave 
him a message of appreciation from Adolf Eltiero 

3o Marl oh and Reinhard *, In March 1919;) as elaev/here in the Reich, 
clashes occurred in Berlin between revolutionary elements of the old 
Array, particularly the sailors, and counterrevolutionary troops, from 
which the ”Freecorps,” for exampl®, were recr^rlted. On 9 and 10 Maixh 
reports appeared in all Berlin newspapers stating that 57 policemen 


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(later given as 60 aiid finallj’^ as 150) had been killed bj/ Spartaklst 
revolutionaries in the district of Lichtenbergo In point of fact 5 two 
policemen had been fatally wounded during a shooting affray. 

The intention of the C»erir.an Government, ho?/ever, ?,'as to dissolve 
the revolutionary army units, and this incident served as a convenient 
pretext. On 11 March, the Volksmarinedivision (consisting of revolution^ 
ary sailors) was called together for the last time to receive its pay. 

The building in which the sailors were to get their money was then 
occupied by a Freecorps unit under the command of Lt. Marloh, who had 
orders from General Von Luettwitz (who later organized the Kapp Putsch) 
to us© this opportunity to arrest as many sailors as possible. ^Vhen 
about 250 sailors, most of them without arms, showed up to get their 
pay, they were arrested. 

With so many prisoners Marloh began to feel uneasy. He called up a 
Colonel Reinhard and asked for his support. Reinhard'-’s answer was: 
"Remember Lichtenberg?" and expressed his surprise and disappointment 
at Harloh^s soft treatment of the sailors. Why didn’'t he use his rifles? 

Marloh, accordingly, selected the most intelligent sailors and 
ordered 29 of them killed with machineguns. Then he fled, using false 
identification papers. Captured, he was arrested and court martialed. 
The court (9 December 1919) decided tlriat those sailors had been armed 
had been in possession of legal gun licenses, and that Marloh^s situation 


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had not been such that he was justified in using armso At the same time 

it ruled that sine© Marloh had believed he was executing a military order 

of his commanding officer he could be sentenced only for leaving the army 

without permission and for using falsified papers o His punishment was 

7 

three month sFestung (honorary prison); only after the Kapp Putsch was 
he dismissed from the Armyo As for the murdered sailors, their relatives 
received some money from the state treasuryo 

Under the Third Reich Marloh was nominated manager of the state 
prison in Cell©o On 31 January 1935, sixteen years after the massacre, 
the military court of Franki'ort canceled Marloh“s old sentence of 9 
December 1919 and acquitted himo 

Colonel Reinhart, who had given Marloh his "orders," became an 
SS«0berfu8hrer and in 1934 was chosen to command the Kyffhauserbund , 
with 3 million members, the only front soldiers organization permitted 
in the Nazi Reicho In 1936 he was "elected" a member of the German 
Reichstago (Deutsche Fuehrer°Lexikong Berlin, 1934)o 
Bo Munich 1919-1922 . 

On 1 May 1919, with the fall of the Bavarian Soviet Republic, 

government troons, accomnanied by the Free Corps Epp and the students'* 

9 

Free Corps from ^uartemberg, mairched into Munich, 

• In the ranks of the Free Corps Epp wore Rudolf Hess; Wilhelm 
Brueckner (later Hitlerpersonal aide); Major General Huehnlein (later 


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5.n coHznand of the National Socialist Motor Corps; Karl Frltsch (under 
Hitler, Minister of the Interior in Saxony); Schauwecker (later a meinber 
of the Suprenjo People «s Court of the Third Reich) o 

These troops established military courts which sentenced to death 
1B6 peopleo ^jurdered without benefit of court martial were also 134 so- 
called Spoirte.Vistsj aiaoag whom were 21 members of a Catholic apprentice's 
organization (Gesellenvereln )o 

T!io following two murders ware typical of this periodc 
-t indenfels and Letb o On 30 April 1919> in Fuerstenfsldbruch near 
Munich, an unarmed sailor named Vogel was arrested hy troops from 
Wusrtembergo As a'sailor, he was apparently regarded as a dangorous 
revolutionaryo On his ?/ay to headquarters Vogel was mistreated, and then, 
without even a hearing, shot on the orders of Rlttmeister Freiherr Walter 

Von Lindonfelsa Lindenfels said simply: '’There is the scoundrel; 

10 

execute him immediately^ 

Lindenfels* second case involved a journalist, Josef Anton Leib, 
who published a magazine in Biimich called "Tlie Republican, the People “s 
Paper for South®German Freedom,'* On 2 May 1919, the students*' Free 
Corps from Tuebingen (Battalion Lindenfelg ) searched his house. They 
foiand nothing which could arouse suspicion, but Leib was taken away and, 
at Lindenfels command, shot "because he had insulted German officers." 


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Lindenfels was arraigned before the court of the Heichswohr 

Brigade Wuerteaberg; before he could be sentenced, however, the com*t 
martial was suspended and the Stuttgart civil court ( Landesgerieht 


11 


Stuttgart) took over the case and quashed it, 

Leib’s widow asked the atate for a pension; at first she received 



?^bters) denied her right to ito Reasoru "an abuse of official duties 
can never be considered an act of open violeaceo” 

In 1934 lAndenfels became leader of SA brigade No» 50o On 29 
March 1936 h® was "elected" to the German Reichsbago He died in 1933, 

(His official career is given in the appendix),, 

2o Fraag Von Epp o After the conquest of Munich the Bavarian Free 
Corps kept its name Einwohnerwehr (citizens army), and guarded their 
illegal aras against’’traitors" by committing numerous murders and so- 
called "Secret Murders" ( Fetimemord ) o ?5lhen called before the investigation 
GomTTltteo of the German Reichstag, Franz Von Epp defended the reactions 
as follows; 

"It is my opinion that the law protected'those traitors who were 
willing to give e;?ay our armso Therefore, I deem it an act of self- 
defense and a normal right if patriotic circles act against such traitors, 
if only to deter others« The murders of traitors (who gave away our 
arms) had the consent of the patriotic circles, and they have it stillo 


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Since the judicial administration remained passive, it seemed to be 

clear that self-help was necessaiT’o There was no reason to make any 

distinction between such traitors, who were willing to give the 

away to the Entente or to leftist radical groups, and traitors who 

wished to betray the arms to the (official) German Pisarmament Gommission 

because in this case also the motives v/ere impure, for the traitors 

could not know, in any case, whether the arms would be kept for patriotic 
12 

purposesa” 

Epp became a member of the Ifeizi faction of the German Reichstag 
in 1928| in 1932 he took over the command over the Nazi Party office for 
military policy ( Wehrpolitisches amt ) and for colonial questions 
( Kolonialreferat )o He brought Bavaria under the Nazi dictatorship in 
1933 and was named "Statthalteg*^ of Mvaria^ 

3o Wilhelim Weiss c Captain Wilhelm ii^eiss was a member of the command 
of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr In 1920 and later took part in the Hitler 
putsch^ Under the Third Reich he became deputy editor of tha 
Voelkischer Beobachter and leader of the Reich Organization of the Ger¬ 
man Press, and in 1933 he was appointed to the Heichstago Finally, 
according to the Frankfurter Zeitung of 14 July 1934, he joined the 
People®s Court (Volksgerichtshof ), 

The Nazi law on the People's Coiirt states that laymen are chosen 
as members who have had exceptional experience in fighting treason* A 


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protector of illegal arms depots, in Nasi eyas, evidently had siich 
experience» 

4o Wilhelm Frick , All strings concerning the Feme ^murders of the 
Bavaria ^ Einwohnerwehr were pulled by two men: DVo Wilhelm Fidck, and 
his superior, Poehner, of the Munich Police Departmento At this office 
the assassins of Srzberger, Schulz, and Tillesssn, and'later Ehrhardt, 
received falsified passports^ Both Poehner and Frick, participated in 
the Ritler putsch^ In 1930 Frick became the first National Socialist 
minister in Thuringia and attempted to naturalize (the Austrian) Adolf 
Hitler by naming him as commander of the gendazTceri© of the city of 
Eildburghausen o The attempt failed, Frick was Hitler'^'s first Minister 
of Interior o The Fuehrer^Lexikon of 1934/35 says about Frick: ”Aa th© 
leader of the Munich political police Frick held his protecting hand over 
the still young and »veak National Socialist Partyo” 

Co The Battle of Coburg c 

An affair which hy itself was rather iinimportant, but wliieh 
strongly influenced the technique of the TJaxi Party, took place on 14 
October 1922 at Coburgo A special ”Gennan Day" was to be celebrated« 
Hitler cam© from Munich by special train with 800 SA men, and was 
joined in town by other local SA groupso Baiitary command rested in th© 
hands of Lto Klintzsch, then leader of the SA, a former member of the 
illegal "Consul" organization» 


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The local nationalistic group which had arranged the "German Day" 
had promised local trade union groups that the SA would not inarch in 
formation, that no Ifaizi flags would be shown, and that no music would be 
played o But the Nazis broke the promise <, Fist fights started at the 
railroad station, were repeated when the SA marched to its quarters, 
and broke out again on the following dayo To provoke new fights the 
Nazis marched through the workers'' quarters and knocked down everyone 
they came acrosso Since the workers fought back, there were many wounded 
on both sideso 

This was "the battle of Coburg" about ^ich Hitler remarked later 
on in Mein Kampf that it had mad® up his mind "to liquidate the red 
terror once and for all" (po 615)» This was the first organized exped-^ 
ition of a private army on the Fascist model, and it became the standard 
for the later National Socialist terroro Thres prominent Nasis=»Willi 
Heer, Dr* O'-to Helmuth, and Emil Klein--> as well as the former Duke of 
Coburg, are said to have been named members of the German Reichstag be¬ 
cause of this street battle of Coburg* 

D. Kapp Putsch and Consul Organization 

In March 1920 the Kapp putsch occuredo Ehrhardt, with his brigade 
of Marine officers, marched into Berlin and was Joined by the greater 
part of the Reichswehro He then massacred more than 70 follov/ers of the 
democratic republic, while hundreds of people were killed during the 


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13 

fighting he provokoQo Tne ?ISDAP was a negligible group at this tiraej 
but it expressed its sympathies for Kapp (Berliner Lokalanaeiger > 14 
March 1920)o Hitler went to Berlin to participate* He arrived^ however, 
too late; tha Kapp "government” had already fled® 

In March 1933 five leading Kapp putschists were "elected" members 
of the German Keichstag; twelve others were named members of the Reich= 
stag dui'ing the Third Reich* 

A typical murder during the period of the Putsch is the followings 
lo Pro yon Yerachuer s The Goveiiiinent of Thuringia held out against 
the Kapp Putsch and arrested the insxirgsnt officerso A free corps, con¬ 
sisting mostly of students from tiie University of BSarburg, under the 
command of Fre gat tenkaoitaen ?on Selchow, then marched into Thuringia 
on 20 March 1920 "to restore orders" (Second in command of the free 
corps was Dr* Von Verschuer). In Bad Thai IS workers, among them 5 mem‘=' 
bsrs of the German Democratic Party, were denounced and arrested on 
cb.^rges which were without any foundation* All fifteen were shot on 25 
March 1920 on the road near the city of Mechterstaedt, "while attempting 
to ©scapeo" The Free Corps marched on, singing* 

A military court on 19 June 1920 acquitted the assassins* This 

U 

verdict was affirmed later on l?y a jury at Kassel (on December 1920)* 
Verschuer later on became one of the leading anthropologists of 
the Third Reich* He belonged to the group which prepared the "scientific 


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basia*^ of National Socialist raciem and^^ in this way, prepared also for 
the arjiihiiation of lesser peoples (sea Appendix; remarks in th© Genifsan 
Faehrer^Lexikon about Selchow' and Verschu 0 r)o 

2o Manfred Von Sillinge r<, Matthias Ersborger was th© leader of the 
Centei’ Party (the Catholic pai’ty)j in 191? he had deinaiided a peace with¬ 
out annexationsj; h® had signed the armistice, sind as Minister of Finance 
had tried to stop inflation^ 

On 26 August 1921, Ersberger was murdered by two marine officers, 

Heinrich Schulz and Heinrich Tiliesseno Both were members of the 
15 

Organization Consul, which was an outgrowth of th© Ehrhardt Marine 
16 

brigadeo Their superior officer. Captain Manfred Von Killinger, one 

of the leaders of the Xapp Putsch, supported and assisted the assassina¬ 
tion® Killinger was indicted for aid given to the assassins, but th© 
jvxy in Qffenburg acquitted him® Revision of this sentence was refused 
by the German Supreme Court ( Reichsgericht ) on 27 February 1923. 

On 12 May 1929? Killinger entered th© Saxon Landtag (State parlia¬ 
ment) as a representative of the I^SDAP. On 6 May 1933, Hitler appointed 
him Minister President of Saxony® At the same time h© was made a judge 
on the Supreme People®s Courto In 1936 Killinger became consul general 
in San Francisco, later German Minister in Slovakia, and finally in 
Rumania® There he committed suicide when the Red Army marched in® (Se© 
Appendix: Life story of Killinger in the German Reichstagahandbuch . 1938) o 


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Schuls and Tillesscn escaped to Hungary^ the Hungarian GoveraiDent 
refused to surrender them to Germanyo For years many swindlers posed in 
nationalist circles as "the assassin of Erzberger*" As a matter of fact^ 
"every city between Athens and Angora now has its assassins of Erzberger, 
and since the number of stupid people is only exceeded by the number of 
good=-nati 2 red ones, this type of enterprise (namely to make capital of 
the names of Schulz and Tillessen) is a very lucrative one" (from an 
article of Hans Troebst in the Voolkische Kur ier^ 17 Btoch 1925) o 

The press service of the State of Baden announced in April 1933 
(as reported by Temps ^ Baris, 12 April 1933) that the criminal court in 
Qffenburg, on the basis of the amnesty of March 1933, had liquidated the 
case against the assassinso Schulz and Tillessen returned to Germany 
In the Mannheim paper Hakenkreuzbaimer (Koc 230, 1933) a certain Dro 
Grueninger saluted the assassins as follows: 

"It is only right that we give our best wishes to these champions 
of the nationalistic ideao M'ter an Odyssey of twelve years they are 
returning to the Germany of Adolf Hitler, and we are proud that these 
men of deeds arc again among usr- Vv'e know that Schulz and Tillessen during 
the long years of bitter exile never waveredJ In spite of all hard 
physical and mental pain they always believed in ultimate victory of 
the good of Adolf Hitler and his movementc They stuck to the Hitler 
movement with unparalleled consistencyo Therefore we are thankful to 
these brave men, and we will remember their iiames, knowing that history 


SECRET 







•15« 


SSCRJET 


some day will recognize the i*rportance of -their deeds even more fully 
than we are able to do today 
Eo The Assassins of Rathenau 

Walter Rathenau, German Foreign Minister, '^as killed on 24 June 
1922 in Grunewald, near Berlinc His assassins were Erwin Kern and 
Herman Fischer, both first lieutenantsi they killed Rathenau by shooting 
at him from a car driven by Erast Werner Techowo On IS July 1922 Kem 
and Fischer were discovered by the police at the castle of Saalsck in 
Thuringia, which belonged to the v?riter Ec Wo Steino Sern was shot 
while firing at the policemen; Fischer killed himselfc Kis last words 
were; ”Long live Captain E^rhardtS” A number of people connected with 
the murder were subsequently tried by the State Court for the Protection 
of the Republic and condemned .to fairly long prison termso 

Ernst Uerner Techow, sentenced to 15 years in prison ( Zuchthaus) . 
received letters from Dr* Goebbels while in prisono Qrxs of them as 
found In Techow®s pamphlet ^ Common Murderer ? The Rathenau Attentat ” 
(Leipzig, 1934)s Po 31> reads as follows: and this is also the 

reason why National Socialist Germany backs you up so absolutely without 
l imitation o We believe that a day will come when the new Germany will 
settle accounts also for this chapter of our post-war periodc It is niy 
innermost feeling: I want to shake your hand, and though I am not per- 


SECRET 









SECRET 


“’ 16 ^ 


mitted to express lay sympathy with yoiar deed;, I nevertheless 'stand by 

you and your comrades as a man, as a German, as a young activitr who 

believes in the futijre and renasccmce of Germany in spite of everythingc” 

The magazine S tandarte (very close bo the Stahlhelm organization 

and also to the Nazis) stated in i^ugust 1926? 

”We confess and pledge ourselves to the community of German 

nationalist martyi's; Schlageterc cKern and Fischer, put in th»; tower of 

Saai^eck and shot like nob3,e ^gamo; Tillessen and Schulz, hunted through 

the worldo,oothe champions of our revolution would have died in vain, 

would have suffered persecution 5 ji vain, if we did not stand hy their 

deedsooooThese deeds mean more to us than everything that the rightist 

17 

parties have achieved in eight years in the Reichstags” 

The Third Reich brought amnesty for Techow, while the nemorial in 

Grunewald for the murdered Rathsnau was removed 

^ ___ 

Sic on original» 

**Excerpt from Voelkischer Scobachtsr 18 July 1933„ Front pai?© head¬ 
lines read: "Roeiim, Himmler, and Ehrhardt at the f^aves of the liqu/.d° 
ators of Rathenau«*Kem and Fischer o The new Germany removes the ort-* 
lawry of the Karin© officers 'Who had been persecuted by the system 
(ioOo, hy the Republic)o 

"Hiimnler (speaking) j '*W6 cotjfess frankly that we honor your deed as a 
great historical ue^d, and that v;e shall honor it also in the fut’^re to 
coffiSoolilce you, v/q of the SS are always leady not to spare our o va blocM5 
or that of others if the Fatherland needs ito ’ Himmler also explained 
that 120,000 SS men wore firmly bound to the assassins in spirit, 

"Roehms ’’As surely as there is a God, your deeds have found aII justi= 
fication in our liberated Fatherlanda W© promise you to fight on in your 
spirit. You did not die in vaini the people of today understand your 
deed, and it will always count you among its heroes of blessec. memory,^’ 
"Wreaths were sent by the Reich Government and many other German 
officials, among them Manfred von Killinger, Minister Presid^^nt of 
Saxony,” 


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-17- 


SEC.RET 


A few months later, another high KasJ. official took exactly the 
opposite position concerning political mnrdersc. tllien Pimitroff daring 
the Reichstag trial started to speak about the assassination of Liebknecht 
and Luxemburg, Goebbels, as a witness imder oath, remas’ked ”If I may say 
something, yo;rp Honor, why not start with Adm and Eve? IVhen Earl 
Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg wore murdered, there was no National 
Socialist movement 

Dimitroff: ”Did the assassins of Hathenau and Ersberger have some 

connection with the National Socialist Party?” 

Goebbels; ”These murders took place when the KSD^P was only a very 

small party existing only inside of Munich and without any importance 
18 

?/hatov 0 ro” And Goebbsls went on; ”The irmrder of Hathenau and Erasberger 

was no-^ coimriitted by ^lational Socialists» It cannot be tolerated that 

tilings which happened outside of the Nazi movement are laid on its door- 
19 

stepo” 

But Goebbels was quickly correctedo At the beginning of June 1934 
a second celebration for the Hathenau murderers ijas arranged at the 
Saaleck castle« General Von Der Golts and Ernst Wilhelm Stein, the 
owner of the castle, celebrated the memory of the assassins ^who had 
prepared for the coming of the Third Reich.” In November 1933 five 
members of the former Consul Organization became members of the Reichstag, 
(See belov/)o 


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Fo The Rossbaoh Corps 

The Free Corps Eossbach fought in 1919 in the Baltic states; it 

participated in the Kapp putsch in 1920; se\»-eral tiF.es prohibited, it 

perpetuated itself as a "league for professional agricultural education " 

The Rossbach men lived on the large estates in Pomerania and Mecklenburg, 

a.s protectors of the big landowners against the Republican farm hands <> 

Their weapons cam© from the German, Reichswehrc "Arms have to be kept- 

secret, traitors have to be liquidated by all means," was stated in an 

20 

order of General Von Pawelsz, 

Two t^rpical and important men of the Hiird Reich cam© out of the 
cadres of the Rossbach corps: Eeines and Bormanuc 

1» Heines - Lt« Edmund Heines, after fighting in the Baltic area and 
serving as a member of the Free Corps Oberland, v/as put in charge of the 
Pcossbach troops on the Rosenfelds estate (district Greifenhagen, near 
Stettin)- ?i/il3.y Schmidt, one of the Rossbach people, tried in July 1920 
to stop work and leave the organisation- Among his comrades the suspicion 
arose that Schmidt intended to inform the Prussian police about the 
secret arms depot. Schmidt, consequently, was killed by Heines . 

The murder was discovered only years later, when a man who knew of 
it tried to extort money- The jury in Stettin condemned Heines on 5 l?ay 
1928 to 15 years in prison. Since the sentence came at a time when the 
NSDAP wanted to appear a law-abiding party, Heines, who in 1921 had be= 


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- 19 - 


SECRET 


21 

come a member, was read out of ito He was later readmitted« fhe third 
criminal court; of the Reichsgerich t suspended, th© Stettin sentence and on 
13 March 1929 commuted it to only five years in prison, ilfter Heineij 
had finished about one and one-halT years in prison, his attorney de=> 
manded another revision of the sentence, and Heines was released from 
prison on bail. 

Hie Nazi victory of 1930 brought Heines into the German Reichstag, 
and with th© establishment of the Nazi regime he became p.resident of the 
police at Breslau. Effective X May 1933 Heines took over the leadership 
of Qber^ruppe No, 1 of the SA, at the same time remaining in charge of 
the SA in Silesia, 

Heines was responsible for at least one more crim© before he died. 
The Breslau Social Democrat Alexander, one of the leading men of the 
Breslau Republican Relchsbanner . had a personal quarrel with Heines in 
September 1933 at the headquarters of the Brei?lau police, Alexander was 
then "shot while trying to escape," 

On 30 June 1934 Heines himself was killed in the Boehm purge, 

Bonaann , Martijc Bormann, another member of the Hossbach Organ!za^ 
tioa, who rose to one of the highest positions in the Third Reich, 
coimritted a murder similar to that of Heines, 

Among the Rossbach people in Heraberg near Parchin (Mecklenburg) 

a fugitive 

in 1923 was a former teacher, Walter Kadow,/guilty of some petty thefts. 


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Bormann at that time ?/as treasisrar of the Dentschvoelkische Frelheits ^ 
partei (German National Freedom Party) in Parchim* He gave orders that 
if Kadow shoiild appear again he v/aa to be taken into custody to work off 
his debts o On 31 May 1923 Kadow returned to Parchim, ostensibly to 
borrow some money for a trip to the Ruhr, where he claimed he would 
help to organise acts of sabotage. His return was reported to Bormann, 
who now said it woiild be better to thrash him thoroughlyo "Some of the 
comrades might participate*in it,” Bormann suggestedA number of the 
Rossbach gang were called together from various estates, Bormann lending 
his dogcart o They met Kadow at an inn, got him drunk, put him into the 
cart, took him into the woods, and killed himo 

The deed excited even the Rossbachers immenselyo Bormann appeared 
on the estate the next day (l June) and admonished everybody who had had 
anything to do with the murder to, ”Go away as quickly as possible.,” He 
also did his best to protect the murderers. On© of them, however, who 
talked when he was drunk and was therefore thrashed by his comrades, feared 
that he would share Kadow’s fate. He went to the Berlin police and re* 
vealed the murdero 

Six of the murderers wore condemned to long prison terms at hard 

labor by the State Court for the Protection of The Republic on 15 March 

22 

1924, Bormann was sentenced to on© year in prison as an accessory^ the 
Court did not choose to explore the fact that it vms Bormann who had 
broxight the murderers togethsro Six big landowners and functionaries of 

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• ^ 





« 21 « 


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the Rossbach organization^ who were connected with the murder, leceived 
six-TDonth prison termso 

In 19265 when Pfeffer was the Supremo SA Leader, Bonnann became 

his second in commando Then, in 1930, h© was put in charge of the Party- 

Aid Fund (Kilfs Kgsse ) under Rudolf Hess, In November 1933 h© was 

elected to the Reichstag arxd appointed Stabsleiter (assistant) to Rudolf 

23 

Hess (the Deputy cf the Fuehrer in all questions concerning the }JSDAP)o - 
Bormarm in 1936 became Reichsleiter of the NSDAP, and finally v/as put in 
charge of the central Party chancellory ( Partelkanzlei )o 

This office was in reality one of the most powerful in the German 
state* It dealt with all Party plans and projects and with all "questions 
important to the existence of the German people*” It worked and prepared 
its plans immediately for the Fuehrer* By an order of Hitler (29 *^ay 
1941 ) its chief was vested with the rank of a Reich Minister, was a 
member of the Ministerial Council for the Defense of the Reich, and 
represented the Party in negotiations with aLl Ministries and other Govern^ 
ment offices* It was ha who took care that the opinions of the NSDAP were 
expressed in all state laws, general or local* He was, in addition, 
custodian of the Nazi Weltanschauung * 

Ai'ter Hess® flight to England Bormann became his successor, and 
thus the most important Party man next to Hitler* (See Appendix, 
biography of Bormann according to Reichstagshandbuch . 1938*) 


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-Sa- SECRET 

G. The Feme F^ders and the Kuestrln Putsch c 

During the year 1923> when inflation reached the peak in Gsnnany, 
the Reichswehr began to build up an illegal military orgaiiization, es- 
peciedly in Berlin, called the "Black Reiehswehro” It was to become a 
pool for former members of the Einwohner>7eIiren (citizens army), the free 
corps, and those military formations which had fought against the Poles 
in Upper Silesiao The Black Reichswehr furnished terrorists for the 
struggle against the Allies in the Ruhr^ Its aims were never formulated 
clearly, and, as often happens in the case of illegal organisations, the 
leadership shifted away from the legal creators. 

In its determination to protect illegal arm depots, the Black 
Reichswehr coramitted numerous "Feme" murders—assasslnations of a victim 
who had usually been kidnapped and given a drumhead court-martial«. Lto 
Paul Schulz was in command of the Feme organization? three sergeant majors 
executed most of the murders? Buesching, Klapproth, and Fahlbuschc 

lo Lto Hayn , In June 1923 Lto Janke, Corporal Balks, and Sergeant- 
Major Gaedicke of the Black Reichswehr removed 15 triuiks of arnruniticn 
from a transport and sold it for 2 and a half million paper Marks (about 
;370o00o) This was discovered. On 16 June Lto Schulz discussed the case 
with Lto Hayn and declared that Gaedicke must be liquidated, Schulz 
made the necessary plans: Gaedicke was ordered to go to the fortress of 
Tschernow, Lt, Hayn and Sergeant-Major Klapproth were to follow him, and 
Klapproth was to kill Gaedicke, Everything -night have gone accordii 


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•23- 


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schedule had not Gaedicke^s superior discovered the scheme at the last 
momento The upshot was that Schulz, suddenly on the side of the law, 
arrested Lto Janke on 16 June at Kuestrin<. An attempt to poison Janke in 
prison failed, but Balke, afraid of the Feme, committed suicideo Janke 
and Gaedicke were condemned to five months in prison for theft by a jury 
in Kuastrin on 1 August 1923o 

Fear of the Feme kept most members of the Black Reichswehr silent, 
and it was only years later that the Feme murderers came to be tried o 
Schulz and Hayn were acquitted by the jury in Stettin in May 1928 for 
their attempted assassination of Gaedicke, while Klapproth got only one 
year in prison for "heavy bodily injuryTwo persons connected with the 
attempt to poison Janke received two years terms in prison» 

Paul Schulz o Janke and Gaedicke, then, escaped the Feme, but t-his 
was certainly an exception; Schulz did not usua3.1y fail to get his msac 
The following six cases of murder v/ere planned, prepared, and ordered by 
Lto Schulzo 


Name 

Rank 

Date 

Place 

?aili Legner 

Sergeant-Maj or 

31 March 1923 

Doeberitz 

Erich Pannier 

Private 

4 June 1923 

Doeberitz 

IValter Wilms 

Sergeant=Major 

18 July 1923 

Rathenow 

Paul Groeschke 

Private 

22 July 1923 

Kuestrin 

Alfred Brauor 

Sergeant 

2 August 1923 

Kuestrin 

Georg Sand 

Lieutenant 

3 September 1923 

Doeberitz 


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« 24 - 

For these murdersj all of which were brought to trial, Lt« Schulz 
and another officer, Lto Berm, were condemned to deatho The sentence, 
however, wa?3 changed to seven and a half years in prisono Lto Schulz was 
then released from prison later ”for reasons of health” on 28 June 1929, 
and in 1930 the NSDAP mad© him a candidate for the Reichstag. In 1931 
he was appointed Supreme SA leader of fieriinc 

Twelve other officers and non^corrmlssioned officers connected with 
the Feme murders of the Black Reichswehr were sentenced to long prison 
terms. Happroth, first condemned bo death and then to 15 years in 
prison, had his punishment reduced by an amnesty to seven and a half 
years. The NSDAP nominated him as a candidate for the Reichstag in 1930,— 
thus expressly showing its acquiescence in the Feme rrurdors. 

As for Buesching and Fahlbusch, the other murderers, they escapade 
Fahlbusch xient to the United States. Deported for smuggling, he returned 
to Bremen. There he met Lt. Schulz. They consumed a great deal of 
alcohol, and next morning Fahlbusch was found dead on a sail«=boato Re 
had died, it was announced, from “escaping gas." At Fahlbusch's 
funeral, Stahlhelm and SA men marched behind his coffin. (Reported by 
Vog flische Seitun^ 21 January 1931») 

3o Buchru c ker . Fonnation of the Black Reichswehr in 1923, Ehrhardfs 
inarch to Franconia, and Hitler‘*s preparations for the putsch of November 
1923 were parts of a concerted plena based on decentralized preparations. 


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.25- 


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The goal was the overthrow of the republico 

Major Buchrucker, the highest officer of the Black Reichswehr, planned 
to march from Kuestrin to Berlino On 30 September 1923 he asked the 
officifiJ- commander of Kuestrin 5 Colonel Gudowius, to march with hicio 
Gudowius, insteadj ordered Buchrucker'’s arresto Thereupon a troop of 
the Black Reichswehr under the command of Lto Kayn invaded Gudowius® 
office and fighting broke out which continued until 3 October and ended 

24 

with the captiare of all Black Reichswehr troopao 

An extraordinazy military court ( Ausnalimsgericht ) condemned 
Buchrucker for high treason to ten years Festung (honorary prison), ^diile 
Hayn received eight months and an accomplice, Vogt, six months in prisono 
The amnesty of 1927 liberated all of thoiRo Hayn became a National 

Socialist member of the Reichstag in March 1933 <> Vogt and nine other 

Black Reichswehr men followed suit in November 1933 (see Relchatagshand « 
bttch, November 1933 5 Appendix) » 

All punishments received because of the Feme murders, in fact, were 
reduced by the amnesty of 14 July 1923; the 14 who had been condemned to 
death received prison terms of seven and a half years* A later amnesty 

under the Tliird Reich wiped out even these sentences* 

4® Grimm * At the end of the most important Feme trials in 1929 a kind 
of ”Feme literature^ sprang up* It was published by the nationalist (and 
later National Socialist) publisher, I* F* Lehmann, in Munich* The 


SECRET 









-26- SECRET 

authors intended to picture the Feme as law-=abidingj to give it a 
sentimental touch, and to cover up its real connections» The ultimate 
aim of this literature was, of course, to aiaice propaganda for the 
liberation of the murderers« ”Th© Feme Lie " (contributions by Friedrich 
Felgen, Hans Albert Von Sirckhann, and Walter Weiss) is typicalo The 
Black Reichswehr and the Feme murders aro described as absolutely legale 
In National Socialist fashion the problem is turned upside doun; not 
the Feme mm’ders, but the campaign against the Feme has to be exi:)lained« 
Its instigators are linked with -V/orld capital," in brief, Jewry. On page 
69, for example, it says: "We have ail respect for men who liquidate 
traitors to the fatherland in a legal fashiono" 

Another writer of this type, Dr. Walter Luetgebrun© (Truth and 
Ri;^ht for the Feme , Munich, 1928), explains the murders as being merely 
independent acts of the troops concerned. Profo Dr. Friedrich Grimm, 
who defended Lto Schulz, published the following pamphlets: "Principles 
of the Feme Trials " Judgment in the Case of Lt. Schulz "; "Proposal for 
an Amnesty of Schula "; " Feme and Black Reichswehr ." 

Ho The Hitler Putsch of 1923 

By the fall of 1923 serious conflict had developed between the 
German Government in Berlin and the autonomist Kahr government in Munich. 
The Reich Government ordered the commanding officer of the Bavarian 
Government to install Lossow again as "commanding officer for the land 
Bavaria" and demanded that the Bavarian Reichswehr take an oath of 
loyalty to the Bavarian state’ government "as the trust-;e of the German 


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people.” This controversy between Bavaria and the Reich was further 
complicated by bhe conflict which had developed between the Bavarian 
Reichsv/ehr and the National Socialists, whom it had illegally armed. The 
Nazis were for a centralized government. 

On the evening of 8 Uoveirber 1923 Hitler, with a troop of armed SA 
men, pushed into a meeting in the Buergerbraeiikeller at which Kahr had 
intended to announce his Bavarian program. Hitler then forced Kahr, 

Lossow, and police chief Seisser to give their consent to the proclama¬ 
tion of a "national revolution" and to declare the Reich Government deposed. 
In the days that followed this coalition of forces, the Nazi?* 
committed their usual crimes—murder of hostages, mistreatment of pris* 
oners, rape, and destruction of property, lypical of Hitler"s henchmen 
at this period were the following, 

1, Maurice , One of Hitler*s oldest friends, Emil Maurice celebrated 
the putsch sacking the printing house of the Social Democratic 
Muenchner Post , stealing all the cash, mistreating the onployees and 
destroying the building. On 28 April 1924 he was condemned by the People’s 
Court at Munich to one year and six months fortress imprisonment 
(Festung). Forty other partidipants received sentences up to one year 
and three months. 

During their prison term together Hitler dictated parts of Mein 
Kainpf to hia "brave Maurice," and in 1936 he appointed him a member of 


the Reichstag 








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Anothor troop of National Socialists, commanded by- 
Gregor Strasser, Lto Captain Hoffmann (of the Consul Organization), and 
Captain Josef Seydel, stole banknotes isorth 60,000 gold Marks from the 
Parcus and Muehltaler printing office o Vilbsn this case was tried before 
the Munich People's Court (12 May 1924)> the public was excluded» Seven 
of the accused received 1 year and 3 months fortress ( Festung ) each, but 
with probation, and v/ere fined 30 to 50 Marks<> Nothing was ever heard 
about the return of the stolen money» 

Seydel was named a member of the Reichstag in November 1933* (See 
Appendix: life stories of Maurice and Ssydol in the Reichstagshandbuch 
of I 93 S 0 ) 


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» 29 « 


SECRET 


III, TERROR IN 1930 TO 1934 
Ao " Let the Heads Roll ^ 

In his book " Mein Kampf " (Lltinichj, 1927, volo II, p, 609) Hitler 

has given his opinion, sanewhat ambiguously, of political murder: 

1 

"Ckie of the dangers of secret political organizations today is 
that the greatness of the task is often misunderstood by their members 
and that they believe the fate of a whole people could be changed to the 
better by one single political inixrdero Such an opinion might be justi* 
fied from a historical point of view, in case a people lives under the 
despotic rule of one able oppressor, about whom it is known that only 
his superior personality is able to guaranty the firmness and strength 
of the hostile oppresslono In such a case one self«sacrificing man 
might spring up from a nation to push the deadly steel into the breast of 
the hated one. Only the republiceui sentiment of small scoiandrels will 
look at such a deed as something contemptible, while the greatest among 
the singers of liberty of our people was able in his " Tell " to celebrate 
such an acto 

j 

"During the years 1919 and 1920 there was a danger that the members 
of secret organizations, spurred by the great examples of history and 
moved by the unlimited misfortune of the Fatherland, would attempt to 
take revenge on the corrupters of our country and believe that the need 
of the nation would then com© to an endo Any such attempt was stupid, 
because Marxism has not won through the capacities and personality of a 


SECRET 












« 30 <» 


sEcm 

singia leader j, but only through the complete and lamentable breakdo^ 
the bourgeois wcx’ldo The most frightful criticism one can make against 
otxr bcui'gecisie is that the rex’’olution itself did not produce a single 
person of Importance, aiid that in spite of this fact the bourgeoisie 
succumbed to it. One might even understand that somebody should give in 
to a RoDespierre, a Panton, or a Marat, but it is crushing to have licked 
the boots of the meagre Scheidemann, the fat Erzberger, a Friedrich 
2t<ert, and all the other political dv/arfSo There was really not one 
brain among them, who could have been looked oii as the man of genius of 
the revolution and therefore responsible for the misfortune of our 
Fatherlando There have been only revolutionary bugs, knapsackspartakists 
en gros and en detai l :> It was absolutely unimportant to liquidate any 
single or.3 of them| the only result would have been that some other 
exploiter would have taken his place c- 

"During these years one could not too sharply oppose such an 
opinion, which went back to the great examples of history, but was not at 
all suited to our present age of dwarfso 

"The question of liquidating so-called traitors must also be regarded 
from the same viewpointo It is ridiculous and illogical to kill a man 
who has surrendered a gun, while next to him some scoundrels obtained the 
highest state position after they had sold a whole Reich, making meaning*^ 
less the death of two million soldiers and the sacrifices of millions of 
crippled people* To liquidate small traitors makes no sense in a state 


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where the government itself leaves high treason unpunished. Under such 
circiimstances it might even happen, that the real idealist, who does a?/ay 
with a lousy traitor, might be tried by the main traitors themselveso 
And there is another important question; Shall such a treacherous little 
creature be liquidated by another creature or by an idealist? In one 
case, the success is doubtful and nev/ treason (for the future) nearly 
certalUo In the other case a little scoundrel disappears, but the most 
valuable life of an idealist is perhaps endangeredo 

”For the rest, it is my opinion that one sho^ild not h£2ig small 
thieves while the big ones run away, but that one day the German national 
court (Nationalgerichtshof ) will condemn to death some ton thousand 
criminals who organized the November treason and all that went with it. 
They will then be tried and executed o Such an example will be a necessary 
lesson also for the small traitor who surrenders some weapons« 

"These are considerations which have moved me time and agadn to 
prohibit any participation in secret organizations and to preserve the 
SA from becoming such an organization during those years I kept the 
National Socialist movement away from such experiments, which 
executed mostly by wonderful idealistic .young Germans who by their deeds 
sacrificed themselves without helping the Fatherland in any wayo" 

According to this. Hitler disapproved of individual murders, Since 
the Republic did not create objects significant enou^f, these methods 
were not effective» But Hitler announced a more effective mass action. 


SECRET 






- 32 ' 


SECRET 


Later on, this note was even more emphasised* 

In Septp^mber 1930 three officers, Lieutenants Scheringer and Ludin, 

and First TJendt, were indicted before the Reichsgericht for high 

treason committed by building up National Socialist cells inside the 

Relchswehr * Hitler appeared as a witness. On 25 September, he declared 

under oath before the Reichsgericht at Leipzig, that the SA was not armed 

and that the National, Socialist movement was strictly legal and acted 

by constitutional means alone* Only after having won a majority in the 

German Reichstag was a National Socialist State court ( Staatsgerichtshof ) 

to be established; then the "heads would roll," but completely legally» 

"Ihose wonderful words," this "noble announcement of expiation" were 

"spoken out of the hearts of al** National Socialists,"said Dr* Von Leers 

25 

in the Angriff * September 1931» "Let the heads roll" became an every¬ 
day slogan of the Nazi Party* 

lo Steinfatt o The real attitude of the NSDAP to the political murders 
was perhaps beet characterized by a speech of the National Socialist 
member of Mecklenbijrg Diet, representative Steinfatt: 

"During peaceful times sai<^ nobody needs political murders * 

But in troublesome times like today, when the enemy is right inside of 
our country, then everything is different* The National SocieJ.ists be¬ 
lieve that if one single man in our country starts to be harmful to the 
people, then it is the rig^t and duty of everybody to do away with such 
a person* How that has to be done may be the subject of different 


SECRET 









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opinions o But everybody has the duty for reasons of state necessity, to 

do ?/hat is in the interest of the German people o We fight even political 

murder, when it is not absolutely in the interest of the German people,’’ 

( Frankfurter Zeitung . 22 December 1929) <> 

This opinion was to become the supreme law of the Third Reich, 

Dr, Best , In November 1931 the Hessian police searched National 

Socialist homes and found detailed murder plans worked out for the 

occasion of a Nazi putsch. The Hessian government counselor ( Regierungsrat ) 

Earl Mierendorf published the plan, originated by the Nazi judge Dr, 

isomer Best and the Nazi member of the Hessian Diet, Dr, Schaefer, Schaefer 

admitted that the document v/as authentic and that he and Best had written 

it. This so-called Boxheimer Document runs, according to Rohm, Memoiren , 
w 

Saarbrucjken, in part as follows? 

3, The Boxheirrer Document , Draft of the first proclamation of our 
leaders after the former highest state offlc*=»” have been eliminated and 
the Communists have been beaten. To be applied on the basis of an area 
suited to unified administration . 

Announcement (1) by placard 

(2) by information of all administrative units, 
Vclksgenossen g 

The former bearers of the state power in the Reich as well as in 
the Land have bean eliminated bj' the events of the last days (weeks). By 
this concrete change a new legal situation has been created «==• as in 


SECRET 






















SECRET 


•*■34* 

November 1918, Authority at present is vested solely in the.SA 

(I^deswehren, etc.) Their leaders therefore have the right and duty to 
take over the unoccupied state machine and operate it. They are doing 
this in the name of the German Nation, and they will be responsible for 
the execubipn of their tasks and for the choice of their means only to 
the Geimnan future. 

An immense danger demands extraordinaiy measiires, if only the 
bare existence of the people is to be saved. It is the first task to 
re«establish order and security and to organize the food supply. Only 
the strictest discipline of the population and the most direct action by 
the armed forces will made© the solution possible. 

As commanding officer of the SA (Landeswehren« etc.) in..., 
(Starkenburg, Rheinhessen, Oberhessen) I give the following orders to 
the fdiole population of the Land; 

1. Every command of the,..SA ( Landeswehren . etc,), no laatter by what 
rank given, must be obeyed immediately. Resistance will be ptmished in 
principle by death. The military courts ( Feldgerichte ) can in special 
cases apply different forms of punishment. 

2. All firearms must be surrendered within twenty-four hours to the... 
SA (Landeswehren . etc.). Whoever is found to possess firearms after 

the expiration of this period will be shot on the spot without trial as 
the enemy of theo..SA (Landeswehren, etc.) and the German people. 

3o Every official or employee of the state or the public transporta* 


SECRET 












- 35 ‘ 


SECRET 


tion system must imirediately resume his duties» Resistance or sabotage 
will be punished by deatho 

The place of the former supreme state offices (Ministries) is 
taken by theoooSA ( Landeswehren . etCo), represented by meo 

4o All emergency measures ordered by theoo.SA {Landeswehren ^ etCo) 
have the force of law for every one from the day of their publication by 
placard® Disobedience of these emergency measures will be in especially 
serious cases p\mished by death, even if the emergency measures do not 
provide for capital piinishment® 

5o So far as existing laws are not superseded by emergency or other 
measures ordered by the leadership of theo»oSA (Landos’«7ohren, etc®), all 
present laws remain in force and the population is to obey them in every 
respect® 


' High treason proceedings against the authors of the Boxheimer 
Document were suspended on the motion of the attorney general 
CReichsanwalt ) Werner, on the ground that ”this document is only an 
imaginary construction and therefore does not constitute an attempt at 
high treason®” 

Werner later on prepared the accusation against Lubbe, Torgler, 
Dimitrov, and Popov in connection with the Reichstag fire and in this 
way protected the, what many believe to be real incendiary, Goering® 

Dr® Schaefer (who had confessed the authenticity of the Boxheimer 


SECRET 








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«36- 

Document) was to experience the Nazis* revenge<, In February 1932 he was 
severely woonded by Nazi revolver shots (Voasische Zeltung . 1C February 
1932o) He was again attacked by the Nazis in March 1933, knocked down, 
tied to the rails, and crushed by a train (Frankfurter Zeitung , 18 March 
1933o) The newspaper report ended with the statement: "There is no 
trace of the culpritso" 

Miorendorf (v/ho had published the Boxheimer document) was incar® 
cerated in the Lichtenburg concentration camp in 1933» 

Dro Best, on the other hand, became state commissioner for the 
ilessian police in 1933« In 1935 he was promoted to the central office of 
the Gestapo at Berlin; at the same time he became SS Qbergruppenfuehrer o 
Finally, beginning in 19-40, during the German occupation of Denmark, 

Best served as " Reichsbeauftragter »** 

In a fiuidamental article ( "Grossraumordnung und Grossraumverwaltiing ") 
in the magazine Deutsche Zeitschrift fuer Politlk (1942), Best advocated 
the liquidation of the peoples conquered by Gennany: 

"Annihilation and displacement of alien nations does not contra® 
diet the laws of life according to historical experience, if only it is 
done thoroughlyo Wrong and very disadvantageous for the master people Is 
any attempt to strip a defeated nation of its national unity and charac® 
tor, while leaving its human substance iintoiiched in order to use it for 
the purposes of the ruling nation« All nations which use alien slaves 
and helots are dying racial death by mixtureo" (See Appendix: • ?uBhrer «=^ 
lexikon > 1934, 1935, on Besto) 


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Bo Terrorists and Policemen 

lo Theodor Eicke <. The following case indicates the origin of some of 

the bombs which the Ra25i3 used for their attacks o 

Theodor Eicke was in 1920 a member of the Schutzpolizei o and, 

after 1927, an SA man® He worked as "security official" for the I, Go 

Farben concern in Ludwigshafen<» This position he used to steal high 

explosives o During a search of his home in Braunschweig in 1932 a store 

of eighty bombs v/as discovered, all ready for use a 

Eicke was sentenced to two years in prison ( Vossische Zeitung . 16 

July 1932), but the Rasi government in Braunschweig (Klagges) released 

hiiDo He fled to Italy<, After the amnesty of 1 March 1933 Eicke came 

back to (*e7Tr-r*5 and took over the command of the SS Standarte 10 (Pfalz}o 

Because of a minor conflict with Gauleiter Buerckel, Eicke was arrested 

and taken to an Insane asyliim at Wuerzburg for observation o Released 

from there, he became an SS Gruppenfuehrer « and was put in charge of the 

Dachau concentration camp„ Later on, Eicke was made controller of all 

concentration camps and chief of SS ^Totenkopfverbaende . which had guard 

duties in the concentration camps c Despite his high rank K'^cke 

25 

persoxially took a hand in the mistreatment of camp inmates e In 1936 
he was made a member of the Reichstago He was killed during the battle 
at Demyansk in Russia on 26 February 1943 <> ( Aufbau . 12 March 1943 •) 

"Appreciating the high merits of the fallen Blchenlaubtraeger . SS 
Qbergruppenfuehrer . and general of the Waffen SS, Theodor Eicke, the 


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Fuehrer has granted to the 3d SS Standarte of the SS Panzergrenadier 
Division the right to bear the name Theodore EickSo” (Das Schwarae 
Korgs, March 1943«) 

MlQh s tagshandbuch says of Eickej "Bom on 17 October 1892; 

Protestant; public school, realschulQ; 1909 voluntary soldier (Bavarian 

info rego Noc 23), soldier until 1919c Merchant (I, G, Farbon, 

Ludwigshafen a Rhein) until 1932 o In the SA and SS since 1927* SS 

Fuehrer since 1929« Controller of the German concentration caR5)So 

Hamburg Police o The Hamburg police had a nationalist revolutionary 

secret cell as early as 1921; it was always in touch v/ith the Rossbach 

movement o As a Nazi publication later described them, they were "Alv/ays 

living under sp'^umed names, later on also in active connection with the 
27 

Hamburg NSDAPo" 

At least two murders are attributable to them* 

In 1926 the Hamburg Senate had forbidden all policemen to be 

members of the NSDAP or the SA* A police sergeant named Pohl, neverthe® 

less, went on agitating in favor of the Nazis« On 12 March 1931 he was 

therefore investigated by on© Lasally, a counsellor for the court* Dur» 

ing the hearing Pohl fired two shots at Lasally, wounding him severely 

( Berliner Tageblatt . 14 March 1931o) The Dresden Freiheitskampf . a Nazi 

paper, wrote on 14 March 1931 that only a man without the least feeling 

of honor could be surprised that Pohl had used his gun^ Pohl received a 

two years term in prison* Undei* the Third Reich, however, he was out in 

28 

charge of the workers co-operatives of the Labor Front in Hamburg* 


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Forty-Qight hoiirs after the attack against Lesally ttoee Nazis, 
Heinrich BairjT.Ql, Alois Hoeckmeyer, and a former police sergeant Albert 
Smst Janssen, who belonged to the SA, s-me troop as Pohl, killed Ernst 
Henning, whom tfe^ took for another Comminist representative, Jkigar 
Andre. The Angriff (Berlin), Dr^ Goebbfils® paper, c a/J.ed the assassin® 
atlon of Henning ”an act of j©alousy«" Next day after it had revealed 
that the murderer^ belonged to the NSDAFv the same newspaper reported that 
”it is common opinion that agents provoc iteiirs were the wire-pullers 
behind the assassinationo" 

Janssen and Hoeckmeyer received sefjsn years in prison, Bammel six 
years (Koalaer Zeitungr 16 November 1931 ). The Communist representative, 
Edgar Andre, whom the Nazis had really p.iannsd to assassinate, was taken 
to the concentration camp at Fuhlsbuettel near Hamburg because of' 
’’preparations for high treason” on 5 Mf.rch 1933 o Bammel and Hoeckmeyer, 
entrusted with the investigation against Andre, were ordered to beat him 
until he was willing to make a confession: this was to be their reward 
for their years in prison« ( Deutsche Inrormation , Paris, 12 November 
1936.) Andre had to be taken to a hospital ( liianchester Guardian . 13 
November 1936). 

Andre was later accused of nmrder before the Hanseatic Oberlandes ® 
gericht . tUciosq president was a man named Roth. ISiese were the ”facts" 
behind the accusation: On 7 September 1930» a street battle was foiight 


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in the Svazenstrasjso in Hainbiirg between the forbidden SA and the forbidden 

Concunist Red Front Fighters" Teague* During this fight SA leader 

29 

Heinrich Dreckmann was killedo While the court admitted that Andre had 
not participated in the melee, it nevertheless condemned him to death 
because he had been chairman of the Red Front Fighters'* League« On 4 
November 1936 Andre was bsheadedo (DHB, 5 November 1936*) 

3o Count Helldorff o On the evening of 12 September 1931, the Jewish 
New Yearns Eve, a pogrom was arranged by some hundred young Nazis on the 
Surfuerstendamm in Berlino Under the slogan ”Gezmiany awaked" shopwindows 
were smashed, cafes were stormed, and Jewish customers beaten upo The 
affair was organized SA leader Wolf Heinrich, Count von Helldorff, 
who had also been a party to the Kapp Putscho Assisting Helldorff in 
the demonstration, was his Stabsfuehrer . Karl Ernst« (Berliner 
Tggablatt ^ 13 and 22 September 1931») 

Helldorff and Erast were condemned to six months in prison. 
( Vorwaerts ^ 23 September, 8 November 1931o) Thirty other Nazis received 
prison terriis between three months and on© yeai' and nine months. In 1933, 
however, Ernst v/as elected to the Reichstag. He v/as later killed by his 
Party comrades during the purge of 30 June 1934o Helldorff was elected 
to the Reichstag in 1933o Later he became President of the Potsdam 
Police (Fuehrerlexikon. ) 

C. Hitler"8 Comrades 

Ic Potempa. Before and after the plebiscite in Upper Silesia in 


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1921 ©ivil war was rlf© in the areac On the German side f,t was conducted 
by the free corps against similar Polish terrorists and against the 
Polish populationo Many murders took place in the coiar je of it, both 
political, and ostensibly non->political, * 

The year 1932 in particular saw numerous street fights between 
armed Itezi bands and sometimes armed, sometimes unarr/sd opponents, eo g., 
Stahlhelm. Jungdo« Reichsbanner , Communists* On 9 /-ogust 1932 the Papen 
government was forced to promulgate an emergency d/^cree making political 
miirder punishable by death, and imposing heavy prison terms on other 
political crimes* 

During the night of 9/10 August 1932, in the town of Potempa, Konrad 
Pietozuch was attacked by eight National Soci^^lists^-Lachmann, Eottisch, 
a worker who had known of a former Nazi murd';)r, Golombeck, Graupner, 
Mueller, Wollnitza, Hoppe, and Dutzkin* Thf/y threw Pietozuch out of his 
bed, beat him up in front of his mother, ar/d finally killed him. The 
body showed twenty-nine woundso 

Six of the imirderers, all members of the SA, were arrested and on 
19 August condemned to death by the special coiirt in Beuthen* Hitler 
wired to the killers: ”My comrades^ Faced with this terrible blood 
sentence, I feel myself bound to you in unlimited faithfulnesso lour 
liberty is from this moment a question of our honor o To fight against a 
government under which such a thing could happen is our duty," 

( Voelkischer Beobachter , Bavarian edition, 24 August 1932,) 


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Two days later the same paper declared! "Party comrade Goering has 
sent the fcllo?/ing telegram to the condemned SA men in Beuthons ‘'In 
nan).ele3S embitterment find rage against the terror sentence which has 
track yoUj, I promise you, my comrades, that our whole light from now on 
will be for your freedomo You are no raurderaro You have defended the 
life and the honor of your comradesc I send to your families today 
1,000 Marks which I have received from your friends, B© courageouso 
More than 14 millions of the best Germans have made your interest their 
own," (Yoelkischer Beobacht©r <» 26 August 1932<>) 

The case of the Potempa killers bscaiae a test of strength between 
the National Socialists and the Papen government^^a question of principle 
as to whether or not the Na^iis could kill their adversaries with 
impunityo On 2 September 1932 the Papen government gave in: the murder¬ 
ers® sentences ware commuted to life imprisonmentc 

That Hitler did not forget his comrades is shown by the following 
dispatch: "Gleiwits, 15 March 1933 (TU): Pursuant to the order of the 
Reich Commissioner for Prussia, which demanded that criminal cases shall 
ba reinvestigated with all speed if they are connected with the national 
revolution, the participants in the Potempa affair—^Lachmann, Hoppe, 
Eottisch, Wollnltz, fviualler end Graupner—have been liberated. At the 
same time the investigation against Gdambeck and Dutzkin, who were 
fugitives when the trial before the special court occurred, has also been 
stopped, and both have been released from detention," (Frankfurter 


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Zeitung, 17 March 1933.) 

The released murderers were received triumphantly by the SA of 
Gleiwitz and led through the whole cityo Lachmann was later appointed 
mayor of Potempao ( Deutsche Yolkszeitung. Paris, 9 January 1938.) 

2o The case of Hentsch o A locksmith Herbert Hentsch ifdio had been 
unemployed for a long time, became in 1931 a member of the SA in Dresden 
and was appointed an Intelligence officer» In 1932 he received a job in 
a cigarette factory under Nazi leadership. Subsequently announcing that 
he was no longer willing to devote as much time to the Party as before, 
he was threatened with degradation by his superior, Hentsch said that 
if this happened he would quit the Party, 

On 4 November 1932, consequently, Hentsch was called away from the 
-apartment of his mother "for a special Party serviceo" He never returned, 
His friend and Party comrade Urban reported to the police that Hentsch 
was missing, and tried his best to find out about him by calling on 
Schenk and Killinger, who at that time were the highest ranking SA leaders 
in Saxo 23 yo Hentschmother also wrote despairing letters to Hitler and 
Rchnio Seydel answered in Rohm*s name: "The case is completely unknown 
to the Chief of Staff of the SA,” 

Hentsch, in the meantime, has been killed by three Nazis^^Schenk, 
Frankel, and Voicik, Kis body was hidden under a dam (Vossischo Zeitung . 
31 December 1932.) 

With the help of the Ifezi Saxon deputy Dr. Bennecke, the murderers 


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©scaped to luayo They returned in 1933» Benneck© in 1936 became a 
member of the Reichstag» 

The Reichstagshandbuch says of Dr^ Bennecke, in part: “Born Feb=^ 
ruary 8tb, 1902 in Dresden; no religious affiliation; Realgymnasium , 

Stud, rer, pol,; later stud, phil,, promotion Dro phil, rpwfisr 1929* 

1922 for the first time in the NSDAP and SA, Second time: May 15, 1925; 
Party number: 4^40* 1925/26 leader of the Greater German youth movement, 

later, Hitler louth. Since July 1927 active SA leader, leader of the SA 
in Pomerania; member of the Saxon Diet June 1930 to October 1933* Wem= 
ber of the Reichstag since 1936, 

3o Maikowak 1, Sturmbann 33 in Chariottenburg, often called the 
"murder storm," under the leadership of Hans Eberhard Maikowski, con¬ 
sisted of thtigs, bullies, and mercenaries who during the years of civil 
strife in 1931 to 1933, always found enough "work" to do. Attacks 
against defenseless passers-by; bloody fights with members of the 
republican Reichsbanner or with so-called or even real Communists; these 
were the most important things in the life of Sturmbann 33o They were 
responsible for, among others, the following crimess The attack against 
the Eden Palace on 22 November 1930; the assassination of the Communist 

Max Schirmer on 29 January 1931 in the HeV>elstrasse; and the murder of 

30 

the worker Grueneberg on 31 January 1931* Prison terms imposed on 
single rnombers of Sturmbann 33 had no influence on the others. 

On 9 December 1931 Maikowski organized in Chariottenburg an attack 


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against workers ware returning from a meeting ( Vossische Zeitung , 2 
Hovember 1932)® According to his own coiifession Maikowski during tliis 
attack shot and killed tlie Comiminist, Walter Lange o Maikowski fled, but 
at the end of 1932 he was arrested o On the basis of the Christman amnesty 
of 1932 he was again released (Voelkischer Beobachter , 30 January 1932») 

On 30 January 1933 the "murder storm" marched to the Reich 
Chancelory to^ ce3.sbrate Hitler®s appointment„ About midnight Sturmbazin 
33 returned to its own hunting grounds; the Wallstrasse in Gharlotten- 
burg* Here there occurred a clash with the Communistso Both sides used 
fireazmso There were three dead and many woundedo Maikowski, who was 
marching with the SA in plain clothes, was fatally wounded by a bullet 
fired from nearby. A3.SO killed i-’.-ere a police sergeant named Kauritz, 
who had accompanied the Nazis, a worker named Oberheinrioh. 

The bodies of Maikowski and Zauritz were brought in solemn pro¬ 
cession to the Berlin Cathedral and there laid in state; delegates of 
the Reich government and the Prussian Government attended the funeral. 
Finally the body of Maikowski was buried at the expense of the State, 
with SA and police attending ( Berliner Tageblatt , 2 February 1933.) 

Zauritz was buried at Ottmachau, Upper Silesia. At his grave the , 
local SA demonstrated under Heines® leadership against the clergyman who 
in his funeral speech had expressed regi*et over the recent bloody clashes 
( Berliner Tageblatt . 8 February 1933.) 


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The trial against fifty^three Communists (accused because of the 
clash with the S turmbann 33) was conducted under the chairmanship of 

Xf 

Lsndes^erichtadirektor Ohnesorge (DNBp 26 January 1934«>) It lasted for 

three months and was supposed to demonstrate that the Coirmunists had 

( 

prepared for civil war (Berliner Tageblatt, 7 November 1933o) The 
public prosecutor asked for a total of 250 years imprisonment» On 26 
January 1934 only 150 years were ordered by the co\irt and then only on a 
charge of distrubing the peace, etco (Frankl\irter Zeitung . 3 February 
1934.) DiiTing the announcement of the sentence the SA demonstrated in 
the court room against the clemency of the court (Neuer Vorwa^ta . 

4 February 1934.) 

There were no more convictions for murder« The men who had shot 
Maikowski and Zauritz could rot be found in spite of all efforts by the 
courts The hypothesis can not be easily dismissed that Zauritz, who was 
on very friendly terms with the workers, and Maikowski, who had fallen 
into disgrace, (h© had been suspended shortly before 30 January from the 
leadership of the Sturmbann ) were killed by the Nazis themselves. But 
whoever the culprit v/as, the Third Reich honored the victim, a gangster 
and mm'der, by granting him a state funeral. The Wallstrasse in 
Chariottenburg was renamed Maikowskistrasso and, according to the 
Voelkiecher Beobachter of 25 April 1938 the Berliner SA Standarte I was 
called Hans Ebei^hard Maikowski. 


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Do The *^Hero8s of the Hatloa ^ 

Oil 30 January 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor. He dissolved 
the Reichstago On 17 February Goering, as Reich Comndssioner for the 
Prussian Ministry of Interior, issued an order to all police groups and 
offices ’’for the support of the national movemento” In this decree he 
declaimed that th© police must avoid even the slightest appearance of a 
hostile att?.tude toward the national organizations (SA,SS, and Stahlhelm) 
and toward the nationalistic parties» On the other hand €iny activity by 
organizations hostile to the state was to be suppressed by ell means. 

’’Policemen who by doing their duty use their firearms will,” said Goerlng, 
"be backed up and supported by me no matter ?ihat the result of their 
shooting” (Berliner Tageblatt, 21 February 1933)» 

On 27 February, Goering, to secure a pretext for his terror and to 
elected representatives 

enable him to exclude/and thus attain a majority in the Reichstag, ordered 
the building firedo 

Tt/o days after the fire, on 1 March 1933# th© Reich Government pro¬ 
claimed an amnesty ”for all punishable deeds which have been committed 
during the struggle for th© national revolution of the German people, 
which served as a preparation for it or ?;hich were committed to defend 
the German soil ’’(Berliner Tageblatt, 23 and 27 March 1933)o The last 
reference is to the so=called ”BoBb-throwing peasants.” The amnesty 
also applied to common murder, if the murders could picture their crime 


SECRET 





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- 48 « 

as having been "political," 

Kerri and Freisler o A decree issued by Kerri, the Reich Commis¬ 
sioner for the Prussian Ministry of Justice, to the general prosecuting 
authority ( Voelkischer Beobachter . 19 April 1933) emphasized that "it is 
contrary to the state interest, if persons who have been incited to 
punishable deeds during the national revolution because of their national 
exaltation, are hindered in their career because of notations on the 
police blotter," It was therefore ordered that all such items had to be 
removed from the registers—opening the way for all Nazi miarderers to 
freedom and a return to their former jobs and professionso 

Another far-reaching step was announced during a "conference for 
German Right and German Justice" held in the meeting room of the Prussian 
Dieto" At this conference the Landesleiter for Prussia of the National 
Socialist Lawyers, Mlnisterialdirektor Freisler, stated that "those 
fighters for Germany's freedom who were declared murderers by the old 
system are now proclaimed heroes of the nation." Freisler stressed that 
in finding what is right there must bo no false objectlvltyo Right 
shall always be what serves the needs of the German people," ( Deutsche 
Allgemeine Zeitung 14 May 1933)» 

On 22 July 1933 the Prussian Cabinet under Goering®s chairmanship 
consented to various decrees pushing this immunization program further, 
Hie first ordered more protection for the SA, SS, and Stahlhelmo The 


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second gave Goering the right to stop any pending investigation. The 
importance of the new measiares was stressed Goering on the same day 
during a press conferences "Whoever in the future lifts his hand 
against a representative of the National Socialist movement must know that 
he will lose his life within a very short timSo And it does not matter 
at all whether or not it can be proved that he realty intended to do ito 
It does not matter either whether the result of the attack was death or 
only injury” (Deutsche Allgemetne Zeitung . 23 July 1933») Any terror= 
istic act performed hy Nazis, in short, was to have legal sanction. 

As to the second decree Goering explained: ”We have created a law 
that enables the Prime I^Sinister of Pmssia to make the widest possible 
use of his right to grant pardon and to suppress any investigation, if he 
is of the opinion that supporters of the National Socialist revolution 
in the past have perhaps failed to observe the form of the law, but have 
done it only to support the revolution and therefore to help and serve 
the state and the people” ( Deutsche A3.1fremeine Zeitung . 23 July 1933). 

This protection of murderers may be contrasted with the "law to 
guarantee right and peace (Rechtsfrieden)," which imposes capital 
punishment for a series of minor offenses^^So go, in paragraph 1, part 2, 
for those who intentionally import forbidden political printed matters 
from abroad ( Frankfurter Zeitung . 24 July 1933o) 

Rudolf Hess, deputy of the Fuehrer, added his comment: "Everybody 


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» 5 (>> 


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must know that we are far from granting clemency to our opponents* He 
must know that every murder committed by a Communist or Marxist against 
a National Socialist will be revenged by us tenfold against Communist and 
Marxian loaders« He must know that every offence against the National 
Socialist state involves the heaviest punishmento Every National 
Socialist must also be aware that mistreatment of opponents is an ex¬ 
pression of a Jewish-Bolshevik mentality and is imdignified for National 
Socialists” ( Deutsche Ali-gemeine Zeitung . 25 July 1933.) 

Pro Dietrich * Among the many Rational Socialist leged statements 
approving terroristic acts, the following article is typicals 

THE NATIONAL ABi 

An Attempt at a Solution of a contemporary Question 

1 

By Landesgerichtspraesident Pro Dietrich, chingen 

”Tii® v]{?,tlonal aim can determine quite a number c:? actions zf which 
bodily injuries, deprivation of freedom, and murder, as actions pertain¬ 
ing to the (political) struggle, particularly merit discussiono* .c 
Never before has anyone had the idea that a soldier on the battlefield 
should be punished because of the bodily injuries, the killings, the 
acts of destruction, and other seemingly p\ 2 nishable acts which become 
heroic deeds if committed in a war^ 

”But what must be done against the external enemy also holds true for 
the enemy inside the country,oWe therefore state that the national aim 
Yl Deutsche Juristenzeitung . 1933, No, 11, pp, 718-19* 


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51» 


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clearly seinres as a reason to omit pxsnishment, if only the law is executed 
rightlyo The field in which the national aim may realize itself is a 
very wide one; cases of killing, of bodily injuries, of deprivation of 
freedom have been mentioned before <> But in addition such things as 
cases of injtjry, destruction, or arson may belong to ito The judge idio 
is courageous enough to interpret laws freely can even now find the right 
solution for every Important question* In this he is following ancient 
Germanic v/ayso The dcmeatic enemy was ostracized in the times of our 
forefathers; he was without honor, without legal protection, without 
peace; he was an outlaw, and every member of the community (Volksgenosse ) 
had the right to kill him , if he was not in sanctuary^ The complete 
liouidation of the domestic enemy is an integral part of the restoration 

of German honor*" This acquiescence in arson as a national deed was a 
clear reference to Goering* Still another law, this one concerning "the 
fighters of the national revolution" (March 1934) provided that members 
of the NSDAP or of the Stahlhelm (or of their sub-organizations) must be 
taken care of according to the Reichsversorgungsgesetz (Reich maintenance 
law) if their health had suffered because of bodily injuries received 
ati members of the NSDAP, the Stahlhelm , or their sub-organizations before . 
13 November 1933o From now on the old "meeting fighters" were placed on 
equal basis with the victims of the World War* 

3o Hitler »s Amnesty * After the death of Hindenburg, Hitler as Reich 
President sanctioned a new amnesty for terrorists. Its text, as given in 


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52 . 


SECRET 


the press followss 

UW F(B EXEMPTION FROM PUNISHMENT 

1 

An amnesty for punishable deeds and politjlcal offenses • 

Berlin, Augtist 9th; It is reported officially that on the occasion 
of the unification of the office of the Reichspraesident with the office 
of the Reich Chancellor, and on the occasion of the investment of the 
Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler with all rights of the Reichs ^ 
praesident . the Reich Government has adopted a law concerning exemption 
from punishment, which was published today in the Reichsgesetzblatt 
Official publication of laws^ This law contains a general amnesty for 
certain groups of political offenses* 

Through this general amnesty, all punishments not exceeding 6 
months Imprisonment or 1,000 Reichsmarks fine are remitted if the condemned 
have previously received no punishment or only negligible punishments 
Punishments up to three months and fines up to 500 Reichsmark shall also 
be remitted, if a person has been punished before* Under the same con¬ 
ditions which permit abrogation of punishment, proceedings still pending 
shall also be stopped, if the deed was committed before 2 August, the 
day of the death of the Reichspraesident von Hindenburg and the transfer 
of his functions to the Fuehrer* 

The political offenses for which exemption of punishment will be 

granted are the following: 

_ » 

Frankfurter Zeitung , 10 August 1934o 


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- 53 ‘» 


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An offense against the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor; 

Offenses cominittod hjr word or print against the welfare and respect 
of the Reich, which did not originate in a mentality hostile to the 
people and the state; 

Offenses to idiich the doer was incited by excessive zeal for the 
fight for National Socialist ideas; 

Other offenses and bodily injuries committed in the political 
struggle; ”In these cases also the prerequisite for the suspension is 
that the deed was committed before 2 August 1934o 

Exempted from amnesty for political crimes are hi^ treason, be¬ 
trayal of military secrets, -all crimes against life, attacks with 
explosives, (if a human being was killed or Yjounded by it), and finally, 
all acts which by their execution or motivation demonstrate a low 
mentality on the part of the doeroc.e 

"In connection with the proclamation of this new law concerning 
exemption from punishment, the Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor has directed 
all regional administrations to speed up the review of all cases of pro- 

I 

tective custody and to dismiss from protective custody anybody whose 
case can be considered negligible or who can be expected to be no longer 
hostile toward the National Socialist state and its organs, in view of tlie 
length of the detention or the character of the prisoner» 

"The Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor has also emphasised, that even 


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"54- 

those cases where protective custody was ordered in connection with the 
action of 30 June 1934, shall be reviewed with benevolenceo" 

On 13 November 1934 Goering spoke at the academy for German Law in 
the Berlin City Hall on "Legal security as the basis of the people®a 
community." After he had glorified the murders of 30 June 1934 as a 
great legal deed, he began to threaten those judges 8Uid public prosecutors 
who had not sufficiently accommodated themselves ( glelchgeschailtet ) to 
the new order. Goering said: "The judges and prosecutors have a very 
important, very necessary, but also very difficult task....On the one 
side they Fust decide without hesitation according to the laws; on the 
other side the powerful position which they enjoy, thanks to our author¬ 
ity, cannot be abused, as incases of certain judges who do not fully 
recognise the people®s connnunity of the National Socialist state and, 
therefore, turn the full force of the laws against National Socialists.« 
There I must say, a dangerous spark is ignited, and if I have the feel= 
ing that it happens intentionally, then I say: that is close to treason " 
( Deutsche Fretheit . Saarbruecken, 15 November 1934c) Reich B/Iinister of 
Justice Br. Franck praised Goering®s speech as giving the mot d*ordre 
(DNB, 15 November 1934.) 

In his book "Construction of a Nation" (Berlin, l‘^34‘. E. S. Wittier 
und Sohn), Goering explicitly defended the Nazi terror. He said: "I, 
gave the sharpest orders, I demanded that everybody ruthlessly apply his 


SECRET 













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energies for the suppression of all elements hostile to the stateo” (pc 

86),oo**I declared then in the presence of thousf.ids of compatriots and 

comrades, that every bullet fired out of the pistol of a policeman would 

be my bullet<> If one calls it murder, then I hs 'e committed murders all 

that I have ordered. I also support. I am respont s ible for it , and there 

is no reason for me to fearo” (po 87)oeoo"Agaiii(.t the enemies of the 

state we must proceed ruthlesslyo It cannot be ^.orgotten that at the 

moment of our rise to power, according to the official election figures 

of BSarch 1933, six million people still confessed theijr sympathy for 

Communisffi and eight millions for Karxisin,oooilier»fore the concentration 

camps have been created, where we at first confined thousands of Coramunist 

and Social Democratic Party functionarieso Of course:', excesses happened 

in the beginningo Of course, here and there innocent people were also 

hito Of course, beatings occurred here and there, and acts of Violence 
all the past, compared with the greatness of our tash, this 
happenedo But compared with/German freedom-revolution has been the 

least bloody and most disciplined of all revolutionso” (po 89) 

Eo The Unhanged 

lo Johannes Von Leers o Additional evidence that the Nazis condoned 
the acts of terrorism and murder committed by their colleagues is provided 
in a pamphlet entitled *^Jew 3 Are lo oking At You ,*^ written the former 
attache of the Foreign Office, Dr^ jur. Johann von Leers, and published 
in 1933 f No Sc Druckorei und Verlag . Berlin«Schoeneberg)o The book 
differentiates betiveen ”Blood««Jews" (murderer) "Lying-Jews,” "Fraud-Jews," 


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SECRE T 


« 56 «' 

”Destro7irig=j6WSj,” "Art^Jews,” and ’^lioney^Jewso^’ 

Under the heading ”Blood Jews” are included Rosa Linceaiburg (exe= 
cuted )5 Kar^ Liebknecht (arrested and shot while escaping)j Muenzenberg 
(leader of the murder conmiunity); Levin©=Nissen (executed); Erzberger 
(at last executed); Gumbel (still unhanged); Adenauer» 

As "Lying Jews” are found, among others: M.i.fi'fcin (unhanged); Dro 
Hllferding (unhanged); Leon Feuchtwanger (unhanged); Tlieodor Lessing 
(unhanged); Theodor Wolffo 

As "Fraud=Jewsj” aiRong others: Heilmann (unhanged)« 

As "Art-Jews" are mentioned: the brothers Rotter (unhanged); Erwin 
Fiscator; Charlie Chaplin; and Elisabeth Bergr^eru 

Among the "Money-Jews,” are said to be Warburg, Kahn, and Melchior 
(the tag "unhanged” is surprisingly missing from those names» 

Fritz and Albert Rotter, theater managers at Berlin, were first 
driven into bankruptcy after the National Socialist rise to power, and 
both were then indicted for fraudulent bankruptcyo They escaped into 
Lichtensteino On 5 April 1933 Fritz and Albert Rotter, as well as Mrso 
Gertrud Rotter and a Miss Wolff, were attacked when on a hike by nine 
Naziso Attempting to ©scape, Alfred and Gertrud Rotter were hurled do?m 
a precipice and died; Fritz Rotter and Miss Wolff escaped with their 
lives but were severely wousidedo 

Four of the nine Nazis were tried by a court in Vaduz (Lichten=> 
stein) on S June 1933 and were sentenced to prison terms (Frankfurter 


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•57‘ 


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Zeltyng , 9 June 1933») The ciilprits defended themselves by asserting they 

had the order to bring the Rotters back to German soilo Other Nazi 

assailants escaped to Austria, were surrendered to Germany at the demand 
and, 

of the German Government,/with the exception of one man who was ac¬ 
quitted, were sentenced to brief prison terms after the court at Konstanz 
had expressed appreciation of their patriotic motives (Deutsche 
Allgemeine Zeitung . 2?? July 1933c) Because of the amnesty they did not 
have to spend even this short term in prison* 

Fritz Rotter emigrated to France; The German Reich asked for his 
extradition on the grounds of fraudulent bankruptcy in 1934» but a 
French court in Aixen-Provence refused the German demand, recalling the 
murder of Rotter^s relatives* ( Populalre . Paris, 9 February 1933®) 

Theodor Lessing, a prominent philosopher, was a professor at the 
technical university in Hannover* As early as 1926 Nazi students had 
asked for his removal, charging that he had offended Hindenburg by a 
pamphlet containing the sentence "behind a zero there sometimes hides a 
Neroo" Lessing later ©migrated to Czechoslovakia* There at Marienbad 
he was shot on 30 August 1933» The probable assassins. Max Rudolf Eckart 
and Rudolf Zischka, fled across the nearby German border^ The leader of 
the Sudeten German Nazis, deputy Jung, denied that Eckert had been a mem¬ 
ber of the NfDAPo The Party refused any responsibility, since "the Party 
condemns and abhors murder as a means of policy" ( Frankfurter Zeitung * 

5 September 1933o) 


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As the Deutsche Freihert of Saarbrucken reported on 3 November 
1933> ”both killers of Professor Lessing are living at Wunicho They 
have served, so it is said, under false names with an SA troop. The 
newspapers have been forbidden to report their flight into Bavaria, 

Both are treated at Munich with great admiration; during the celebration 
cf 9 November, especially (the anniversary of the Nazi putsch) they were 
brought in triumph from one meeting to the other. As their incognito is 
slowly disintegrating, it is planned to send them, one of these days, to 
another place of service. It is rumored that they may be used as guards 
at the concentration camp of Dachau, 

Ernst Heilmann, leader of the Social Democrats in the Prussian 
Diet, was thrown in the Oranienburg concentration camp in 1933; there he 
was terribly tortured. Later he v;as transferred to Papenburg, and from 
there to Buchenwald, where he died in 1939. 

Willi Muen Zenberg, a Communist publisher, had published quite a 
number of anti^Nazi books in Germany and later in Franco, In 1940 he was 
interned by the French Government as an ©aemy alien. He escaped in June 
1940, whon the German troops approached the camp of Chambaran near Lyon, 
During the flight, however, he perished under mysterious circumstances; 
his body was foimd hanging from a tree, in the woods between Lyon and 
Valence (In this case, suicide cannot be excluded,) 

Dr, Hilferding, an important Marxian theoretician, had been German 


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Minister of Finance in 1923o He emigrated to France and after the French 
collapse was surrendered hy the French Government to the Germans (New 
York Times «■ 12 February 1941«) Some days later he was found hanged in 
his prison cell ( Associated Press ^ 17 September 1941 

Theodor Wolff had been chief editor of the Berliner Tageblatt o He 
emigrated to Franceo After the total occupation of France, Wolff was 
arrested at Nice in 1942; he was taken to the concentration camp at 
Dachau, and from Dachau to Oranicnburg, vdiere he died after a grilling 
by the GestapOo 

In all those cases Kerr Leers, by the remark ^unhanged" (published 
by a Party publishing house), implicitly called for their assassination« 
This was carried out either by individuals or state organso But Herr 
von Leers was not a private individixal; he was a trustee of the NSDAP 
(as can be learned from the Fuehrerlexikon s see AppendiXo) 

Fo Austrian Terrorists as Members of the Reichstag 

After its rise to power in Germaiiy the NSDAP tried time and again 
to conquer Austria also by terroristic means® The Braunbuch (Brown Book) 
mentions twenty«four acts of breaking in, armed attack, attempts with 
explosives or guns, arson, and iDurder®=all of them committed by citizens 
of Germany or by Austrian Nazis in Austriso The Braunbuch also quotes 
the directive given for the execution of terroristic acts by the NSDAPo 
The structure of the Austrian NSDAP and its armed formations was 
identical with the Reich organization, and the Austrian branch was led 


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'=*60«» 


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end dirocted from the Reich o Its leading personalities«®Alfred Proksch, 
Alfred Edixard Frauenfeld, and Theo Babicht=^=were appointed by Hitler to 
be members of the German Reichstagc To the culprits who e scaped from 
Austria, asylum was granted in Germany= 

lo Planetta and Holzweber o On 25 July 1934, the Austrian Nazis tried 
to overthrow the Dollfuss government» One hundred and fifty Nazis, under 
the command of Otto Planetta and Friedrich Holzweber, occupied the 
Bundeokanzleramt (site of the Austrian chance]lery) in Vienna, Planetta 
fired two shots at Dollitiss, who died a few hours later. At the same 
time the office of the Austrian Bundespraesident (president of the state) 
Miklas, and the Ravag radio station were attacked. But Government troops 
surrounded the Bundeskanzleramt «°^ the putsch against the Ravag station and . 
against the Bimdespraeaident failed, and the National Socialist uprisings 
in Styria, Garinthia, Vorarlberg, and Lower and Upper Austria were 
suppressed, 

Evidence that this uprising originated in Germany is furnished by 

the Deutscher Presse Dienst (German press service) of 22 July 1934, in 

which the assassination of Dollfuss was announced three days before it 
1 

happened, 

1, Footnote following. 


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SECRET 




lo cfs Contribution to the Earlv History and History of the July 
Revolt,, edited on the basis of official source s (Vienna, 1934, hy tne 
Helinatdlenst. Bundeakanzieraat /Information 8e:rvlce of the Austrian 
Governjnent7) 

’’People^s Uprising in Austria” 

German Press Service (photos) Laie edition 

Publo and Editorial Board, Berlin SW 22 July 1934 

lo Dro Rintelen 

Austrian Ambassador in Rome is 
negotiating about a new governments 

2o The Bundeskanzleramt 

was occupied by the revolutionaries 

3o Minister of Security Fey, has been 
arrested by the revolutionaries 

4o Bundsskanzler Dollfuss was severely 
wounded during the fight and diedo 

5o The building of the Bisamberg broadcasting 
station which was destroyed by the 
revolutionaries o 

6o Information to editors: Because of the 
late arrival of news on the events in 
Vienne, we had no time to prepare photo 
stereotypeso But to help our customers 
to illustrate the events, we send out 
” Matem ” (Matl)o 

We ask you to change the text according 
to later news® 


SECRET 












•62. 


SECRET 


Plannetta and Holzwaber were executed, The Genaan Govemment denied 
any connection with them or the revolt and recalled its Ambassador from 
Vienna, who had attempted to negotiate between the putschists and the Austrian 
Government, 

But when in March 1938 the Nazis finally succeeded in conquering 
Austria, Himmler promptly placed wreaths on the graves of Planetta and 
Holzweber (Voelkischer Beobachter , 19 March 1^38.) On 10 April Gauleiter 
Buerkel repeated this solemn act ( Voelkischer Beobachter , 11 April 1938<.) 

Among the seventy=three Austrian members of the Reichstag named in 
1938 there were (according to the Relchstagshandbuch of 1938) fourteen 
who had been condemned to life imprisonment or d eath for terroristic 
acts« 

Go The Risa of the Terrorists 

Oao statistical indication as to how t!ie Nazis rewarded terrorists 
can be had from a review of the autobiographies of Nazi members of the 
Reichstag for 1933» 1936 and 1938<> 


/ 


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Number of Nazi Parliamentarians Appointed to the Reichstag, 
According, to Time of Appointment and to Their 
Terroristic Past^ 


Service ins 

March 

1933 

November 

1933 

1936 

1938 

Total 

Fuhrer« 

lexikon 

Kapp putsch 

5 

5 

6 

2 

18 

21 

Organization 

Consul 

0 . 

15 

0 

0 

5 

11 

Black Reichswehf 

4 

10 

1 

0 

15 

5 

Hitler putsch, 
battle of Coburg 

8 

9 

10 

4 

31 

12 

Austrian putsch 

0 

0 

q 

U 

14 

1 


17 

39 

17 

20 

33 

50 


SECRET 












SECRET 


<= 64 *=' 

Appendix One 
Autobiographies 


Name 

Souree 

Best 

Fuhrerlexikon 1934/1935 

Bormann 

Raichs taershandbuch November 1933 

Bruckner 

Reichstaffshandbuch 1936 

Frick 

Fuhrerlexikon 1934/1935 

Hayn 

Reichstaffshandbuch November 1933 

Helldorff ^ 

Fuhrerlexikon 1934/1935 

Killinger , 

Reichstagshandbuch 1938 

Kriebel 

Reichstagshandbuch 1938 

Lindenfela 

Eeichstagshandbuch 1936 

Leers 

Fuhrerlexikon 1934/1935 

Maurice 

Reichstagsh^irdbuffh. 1938 

Reinhard 

Fuhrerlexikon 1934/1935 

Selchow 

Fuiirerlexikon 1934/1935 

Seydel 

Reichstagshandbuch 1938 

Stephani 

Reichstagshandbuch 1936 

Vorschuer 

Fuhrerlexikon 1934/1935 

Vogt 

Reichstagshandbuch November 1933 

Wagner 

Reichstaffshandbuch 1936 


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SECRET 


c*>55" 


Appendix One 

TERRORISTS AS &1EMB SRS OF TH E REICKSTAG 


Judicial 


Na&e 

Terrorist 

Formation 

Appointment 
or ElecLion 

Rank 

Decision, 
if any 

Aldingei^ Iialter 

Black 

Reichfcwehr 

NoVo 1933 

Rreisleiter 


Asnann^ Max 

Hitler 

putsch 

Mar„ 1933 

Reichsleiter 
Oberenruppen-' 

fuhrer 


Band, Victer 

Austria 

1938 

G^neralstarbeits' 

fuhrer 

- Imprison¬ 
ment for 
life 

Berchtold, Josef 

Hitler 

putsch 

1936 

3A»Gruppen« 

fuhrer 


Bockj Fran:3 

Hitler 

putsch 

1936 

SA*BriffoFulir0r 


tf 

Bohme, Helmut 

Hitler 

putsch 

Ko-7. 1933 

Kreisleiter 


Boraann, Martin 

Rossbach 

Nov. 1933 

Reichsleiter 

Sentenced to 
1 year by 
Constitu* 
tional Court 

Brass, Otto 

Kapp 

putsch 

1936 

SS«Oberfuhrer 


1. ExDlanation of_§yp^lsj 
Black Reichawehr 

Hitler putsch 

Kapp putsch 

OC 

Rossbach 

Austria 

Coburg 

M«mber of Black (Sohwarse) Reichswehro 
Participated in Hitler putsch of 1923» 
Participated in Kapp putsch of 1920« 
Organization Consul, a Free Corpso 

Member of Free Corps Rossbach 

Austrian Nazi 

Participant of Coburg street fight. 


SECRET 
























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SECRET 

Bruckner, 

Wilhelm 

Hitler 

putsch 

1936 

SA= Ober^ruppen^ 
fuhrer 


Bunge, Hanna 

Hitler 

putsch 

NoVo 1933' 

SA=3riffo Fuhrer 


Coburg, Herzog 
von Karl Edmrd 

OoGo 

Novo 1933 

General of In= 
fantry 

President, 
German Red 
Cross 

Gzamowskl, 

Bruno 

Kapp 

putsch 

1936 

Gauamtsleiter 


Diesenreiter, 

Hans 

Austria 

1938 

SS=Scharfuhrer 


Ernst, Alfred 

Kapp 

putsch 

NoVo 1933 

SA«BrigoFuhrer 


Fiehler, Karl 

Hitler 

'putsch 

Nov. 1933 

Reiohsleite^, 

SS =Gruppenfuhrer 


Fink Vo Finken= 
stein Ho Georg 

Kapp 

putsch 

1938 

SA^Grunnerfuhrer 


Freytag, HeiTuenn 

Black 

Reichswehr 

Novo 1933 

Kreisleiter 


Frick, Wilhelm 

Hitler 

putsch 

laro 1933 

Reich Minister 
of Interior, 
1933-43; Reich 
Protector in 
Bohemia and 
Moravia, 30 Aug* 
1943. 


Gioselbrecht, 

Friedrich 

Hitler 

putsch 

1936 

Director, 

Hilfskasse 

NSDA? 


Goring» Hermann 

Hitler 

putsch 

1932 

Reich Marshal 


Gotzmann, Leo 

Austria 

1938 

Oberpolizeirat 

Imprisonment 


for LifCe 


SECRET 


















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Graf, Ulrich 

Hitler 

putsch 

1')36 



Vo Grolmann, 
Wilhelm 

Kapp putsch 

Hitler 

putsch 

1938 

SA®Brigo Fuhrer 


Habicht, Theo 
(dead) 

Kapp putsch 

NoVo 1933 

Landesinspektor 

Oesterrsich 


Hanke, Karl 

Black 

Reichswehr 

Novc 1933 

S§ « OberfiETuppen^ 
fuhrer 


Hayn, Hans 

Reichswehr 

Maro 1933 

SA-Gruppenfuhrer 


Heer, WUli 

Coburg 

NoVo 1933 

Kreisleiter 


Heines, Edmund 
(dead) 

Rossbach 

Mar, 1933 

S^-OberisTuppea- 

fuhrer 

Participant 
of Stettin 
Feme, 

Vo Helldorff,Graf Kapp putsch 
Wolf Heinrich 
(dead) 

Kbvo 1933 

Police presi= 
dent Berlin 

Participant 
20 July 1944 
Putsch. 

Helemuth, Otto 

Coburg 

Nov, 1933 

Gauleiter 


Henrich, Fred 

Black 

Reichswehr 

NoVo 1933 

SA-BrigoFuhrer 

"Nach der 
SriRordunff 

Erzbergers 
4oMono Unter- 
such Haft*’ 

Bess, Rudolf 

Hitler 

putsch 

Mafo 1933 

S tejlvertre ter 

doFuhrers 


Hinkel, Hans 

Hitler 

putsch 

NoVo 1933 

SS-Oberfuhrer 


Rintze, Kxirt 

Black 

Reichswehr 

1936 

SS=Oberfuhrer 

' 

Hoelzel, Max 

Austria 

1938 

Untersturmf uhrer 

• 

Sentenced to 
death. 


SECRET 































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SECRET 


HolZj Karl (dead) 

Hitler 

putsch 

193!? 

SA=BriffoPuhrer 

"Partelbuch 

Noo 77'’ 

Konisch, Eduard 

Austria 

1938 

ff 

SA-Stunnfuhrer 

Sentenced to 
deatho 

Hudl, Paul 

Austria 

1938 

SS »Haupt schar^ 
fuhrer 

Participant 
in leading 
positions. 

n 

Huhnlein. Adolph 
(dead) 

Hitler 

putsch 

Maro 1933 

N§KK Korps« 
fuhrer 


Vo Ja/»ow, 

Dietrich 

OoCo 

NoVo 1933 

SA-Obe rerr UD Den<= 
fuhrer 

Member people 
court. 

Kalcher, Max 

Austria 

193^ 

SS-Oberfuhrer 

Sentenced to 
death o 

Haul, Walter 

Black 

Roichswehr 

Nov„ 1933 

Hauptiaann 


Xersken, Heinro 

Hitler 

putsch 

NoVo 1933 

SA=S tandart en- 
fuhrer 


VoKillinger, 

Manfred 

OoC o 

1932 

Ambassador to 
Rumania 


Klein, Janil 

Coburg 

1936 

Obereebiets® 

fuhrer HJ 


Kolb, Arthur 

Kapp putsch 

Maro 1933 

Kreisleiter 


Kopprasch, 

F«lix 

0oG» 

NoVo 1933 

Kreisleiter 


Xriebel, Honnann 

Hitler 

putsch 

1938 

S^^Obergruppen- 

fuhrer 


yo Kursell, Otto 

Hitler 

putsch 

1938 

S^*0berst\2nn= 

fuhrer 


Lampe, Heinz 

Kapp putsch 

1936 

SS=Ober Sturm® 
fuhrer 



SECRET 





























- 69 - SEG^iET 


Maurice, Emil 

Hitler 

putsch 

1936 

«-S t andar t en 
fuhrer 


H'ichaelis, 

Rudolf 

Black 

Reichsv/ehr 

Maro 1933 

SA-BriffaFuhrer 


Mitterbauer, 
Leopold ^ 

Austria 

1P38 

Gauamtsleiter 

Imprisonment 
for Lifoc 

Nippold, Otto 

Hitler 

putsch 

1938 

S tellv o Gauleiter 


VoPfeffer, Franz 

Kapp putsch 
Black Reicha 
wehr 

Maro 1932 

1926«30 OSAF 

Prosecuted as 
murderer,. 

Pifker, Michael 

Austria 

1938 

Holsarbeitar 

iDiprisonment 
for Life* 

Ponndorf, Sber- 
hard 

Kapr putsch 

1936 

NgKK Gruppen= 
fuhrer 


Raber, Otto 

Austria 

193S 

SA-St\3rmhaunt- 

fuhrer 

Sentenced to 
death <, 

Rainer, Fried¬ 
rich 

Austria 

1938 

Gauleiter 

Imprisonment 
for Lifeo 

Raa, Georg 

Kapp putsch 

1936 

SA-Brigf ^ Fuhrer 


Rohm, Ernst 

Hitler 

putsch 

Nov. 1933 

Reichsminister, 

SA-Stabschsf 

Murdered 30 
June 1934o 

Saupert, Hans 

Hitler 

putsch 

Rov. 1933 

SS«Bric o Fuhrer 


ff 

Schafer-Han sen, 
H„Co 

Kapp putsch 

1936 

W^KK Oberffi*UDoen= 
fuhrer 


Schaub, Julius 

Hitler 

putsch 

1^36 

S^-OberffruDDen= 


Schmidhofer, Hans 

ATJstria 

1938 

Srsisleiter 


Sclii'odcr, Georg 

Black 

Reichswahr 

Nov. 1933 

SS-Standarten- 

fuhrer 


Schultz, Karl 

Black 

NoVo 1933 

Gauamtsleiter 



Heichswslir 


SECiGST 
























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SECRST 


Schulz, Karl 

Kapp putsch 

NoVo 

1933 

S§ =>Obers turmbann« 
fuhrer 

Schul^4e« 

V-Techsunr^en, 

IVal ber 

Kapp putsch 

NoVo 

1°33 

IiandesDroDaffanda=» 

leiter 

Sejrdel, Josef 

Hitler 

putsch 

Haro 

1933 

Fj^KK Obersruppen- 
/Slhrer 

Stang, Walter 

Hitler 
putsch • 

1936 


Hsichsamtsleiter 

vSterziiig, Paul 

Black 

Reichswehi' 

Novc 

1933 


Vo Stephani, 
Franz 

Kapp putsch 

NoVo 

1933 

Fohrer SA»Re«> Indicted for 

serve I 7 murders. 


killing of 
the Vorwarta 


workers <> 


Straubinger, 

Christian 

Austria 1933 

SA-Scharfuhrer 

Sentenced to 
deatho 

Stretcher, Julius Hitler Mar-. 1933 

putsch 

Gauleiter 

Franken 

SA”Qb!?rgro 

Fuhrer 


Stumpf, Martin 

Eapp putsch Marc 1933 

Kreisleiter 


Theissenberger, 

Frans 

Austria 1933 

Kriminal™ 

beamter 

Sentenced to 
death, 

Vogt, Peter 

Black 

Reichswehr RoVo 1933 

SA“Brig,Fuhrer 
One is head of 
Hitler® s Museiams 


Voss, Hermann 

Black NoVo 1933 

Reichswehr 

One is head of 
German Broad¬ 
casting Co, 

2 years de¬ 
tention for 
murder. 

Wagner, Robert 

Black Reichs" Maro1933 

Gauleiter Baden 



welir 

Hitler putsch 


SECRET 



















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SECRET 

Wdbor, Chris¬ 
tian 

Eitler 1936 

putsch 

SS-BrigoFuhrer 


Wogner, Ernst 

Sapp putsch. Mar. 1933 

SS doctor 


Weiss,' Wilhelm 

Hitler Mar. 1933 

putsch 

ReichshauDtamtam 
leiter 

Editor, 

Volkischsr 

Beobachter 



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Footnote# 


-72« 


SECRET 


lo Report of the Commission of Inquiry of the Prussian Diet, 3 Jtme lQ19:v 
2o Eo Jo Gumbel: Vier Jahre polltischer Mord, po 9 

Memorandum of the Reich Minister of Justice, po 12, po 40o 
3o Reference is made to the appointment of deputies for the following 
reason: in the Third Reich there was only one Party, the KSDAP, 
Although the elections in 1933 were actually and in 1936 were legally 
open, the voter had the right only to select candidates listed on 
the "Party 8 s Suggested List of Candidates" (Elections of 12 November 
1933 and 29 March 1936) or on the "FuhrerVe List (Elections of 10 
April 193S) or else go to a concentration campo Over 99 per cent 
chose the first alternative; 

4<» Per Word an Karl Liebknecht und Rosa Luxemburg o VerJlag der Freiheit . 
Berlin, 1919« 

"Justification of the decision of the Lay Assessors® court of Central 
Berli^ of 27 April 1929," D ie Justiz o Volume IV, Book V p. 6 o 
6 o Per Joras^Prozes So «Internaiionale Verlagsanstalt . Berlin, 1929« 

Jo Gimbelo Terra ter verfallen der Feme (p,. 43) c Berlin. 1929 

(called Verrater - h -ln c ' ef gFeBI-: - -- 

7o Report o? proceedings, Deutsche 2eit\m.gf. 5»i0 December 1919; Zralomft . 

29 November 1919« Eo Jo Ginnbel: Vier Jahre polltischer Mord. p«, 20. 
8 o Frankfurter Zeitung . 1 and 6 February 1935 o 

9o Compare R&A Report i?7866; "A Day by Day History of Munich, November 
1918 to November 1919 
lOo Ibid, Po 
lie Ibid, Po 

E. Jo Gumbel: VierJahre polltischer Mord . po 36. 

12p Eo Jo Gumbel: Verrater, p. 100^ 

13r. Eo Jo Gumbel: Vier Jahre polltischer Mord . po 56o 
14o Henning Duderstedt: Der Schrei pach dem Recht o Also M^orandum of 
the Reich Minister of Justice, po 28o 
15 - See Eo Jo Gumbels "German Military Organizations 1919-1923" and 
" PrecTirsors of Fasciam o" 

16 0 Oo Co means "Organization Consul.o" The name originates from the fact 
that Ehrhardt of the Munich Police Directorate had received a false 
pass in the name of "Consul He von Eschwege." 

17c Eo Jo Gumbel: from "Lasst Kopfe rollen o" po 5^ Berlin, 1931o 
18 o Berliner Tageblatt o 8 November 1933o 

19c N ^zlfuhrer sehen ^eh aiic pc 147o Carrefour^Verlag > Paris, 1934o 
20 o Volkischar Beobachter . 5 Jime 1934c. 

Le Temps . 5 June 1934® 

21o Eo J* (tabel: Verr^ter «. po 147, 

22o Eo Jc Gumbel? Verrater, p* 195» 

23o No So Jahrbuch ^ 1934c 

24c Gessleri *®Memorandum to the Feme Committee of the Reichstag of 2 
March 19260 ” Major Buchruckers Imscbatten Setcks o Berlin, 1928 <, 

25 o Konrad Heidens Die Geburt des IIT Reiches. p„ 23<, Zurich, 1934c 


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